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[شيخة الدارسات]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاتة
أشكر كل من ساعدني وجزاكم الله كل خير وجعله في موازين حسناتكم انشاءالله

واتمنى تساعدوني هالمرة أبغى اعرف الفرق بين أدب جونثانا سويفت كاتب"جلفر"
وأدب جان أوستين كاتب"إيما"
Jountan Sweft "gliver"
&Jane Austen "Emma"لانة امتحاني فيه يوم السبت وما لقيت شي عنة

[M.o_o.N]

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


Jane Austen, Jonathan Swift, and Anglicanism

http://mural.uv.es/mafranch/austen.htm

[M.o_o.N]

What is Jane Austen's literary style?



Jane Austen wrote about her world and the things that she knew best. Her intricate detail outlines human behavior precisely and accurately. Her humor is enjoyable as some of her characters make big pompous displays and occasionally make fools of themselves. She portrays life as it truly is and that is even accurate in modern ways today.

Answer

Her writing style was elegant and satirical. Jane's work marked the transition in English literature from neo-classicism to romanticism.

[M.o_o.N]

Jane Austen and Writing Style



Doug Wilson has a very interesting post today on Jane Austen and her writing style and how it doesn’t fit modern rules on how to write. He says that Austen uses a lot of passive voice constructions and mostly “tells instead of shows” us her characters and their strengths and weaknesses. Computer Guru Son took a writing and grammar class last year in which the teacher would not allow the students to use any “being” verbs in their papers. I assume she was trying to weed out the passive constructions from their writing. However, I thought at the time that “being verbs” are not the problem. Passive writing that does not engage the reader is the problem. These first lines from Austen’s novels may be passive, telling instead of showing, but they do capture the reader’s attention.

Pride and Prejudice: It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. (Reader immediately laughs in rueful agreement.)
Mansfield Park: About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, and to be thereby raised to the rank of a baronet’s lady, with all the comforts and consequences of an handsome house and large income. (Reader: “How did she do that?”)
Emma: Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her. (Reader: “How did she do that and can such good fortune possibly continue?”)
Northanger Abbey: No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her born to be an heroine. (A heroine? )
Sanditon: A gentleman and a lady travelling from Tunbridge towards that part of the Sussex coast which lies between Hastings and Eastbourne, being induced by business to quit the high road and attempt a very rough land, were overturned in toiling up its long ascent, half rock, half sand. (What business could “induce” them to do such a thing? And what happened next?)
Sense and Sensibility: The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. (This sentence is not nearly as intriguing as the others, but Sense and Sensibility makes up for the slow start with a great story and a satisfying ending: “Between Barton and Delaford, there was that constant communication which strong family affection would naturally dictate;–and among the merits and the happiness of Elinor and Marianne, let it not be ranked as the least considerable, that though sisters, and living almost within sight of each other, they could live without disagreement between themselves, or producing coolness between their husbands.” How did they do it?)


http://www.semicolonblog.com/?p=399

[M.o_o.N]

Jonathan Swift


http://www.family-ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/globel/images/site/georgian-england-literature-jonathan-swift.jpg


Jonathan Swift was a noted Irish literary figure from the 17th Century to the 18th Century. Swift was equally well known as a cleric, satirist, essayist, and political writer and to a somewhat lesser extent as a poet. Among his many famous literary accomplishments were Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, and A Tale of a Tub. Arguably the most accomplished satirist in the English language, much of Jonathan Swift's published works were released under a variety of pseudonyms.

These pseudonyms were Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff and M.B. Drapier. Throughout his literary career Swift has even been known to publish works anonymously.

Jonathan Swift was born on November 30, 1667 in Hoey's Court in Dublin, Ireland to Jonathan and Abigail Erick (alternatively spelled as Herrick) Swift. He was the only son and was the second child in the family. Only his father was actually of Irish origin his mother being of English descent. Jonathan Swift never met his father, as the senior Swift died a mere seven months before Jonathan was born.

Like many important historical figures that lived during that time, many details of Jonathan Swift's childhood were shrouded in obscurity and the little details that were known about his early life tended to be vague and contradictory. Many historical researchers believe though that shortly after his birth, Jonathan's mother returned to England and left the task of raising Jonathan to his father's next of kin.

His uncle Godwin played a major role in the upbringing of young Jonathan and was largely responsible for his educational well being, sending him to Kilkenny Grammar School along with one of Jonathan's cousins. Jonathan later went on to pursue his higher education in Trinity College in Dublin University, Ireland where he attended beginning in the year 1682 and received his B.A. in 1686.

Swift was in the midst of pursuing his master studies when the political conflicts which were brewing for many years in Ireland finally erupted into the Glorious Revolution and he was forced to relocate to England. Arriving there in 1688, Swift with the help of his mother was able to secure the position of secretary and personal assistant to Sir William Temple of Moor Park.

Swift rapidly gained the confidence of Temple and he was often assigned duties of great importance. After only three years of working for Temple, Swift was then introduced to King William III and he often served as an emissary to the King.

Health reasons forced Swift to go back to Ireland in 1690 although the following year would find him back in England where he received his M.A. from Hertford College in Oxford University in 1692.

He again returned to Ireland this time staying for four years during which time he became an ordained priest of the Established Church of Ireland. In 1696 he went back to England to work under Temple once more and stayed there until his employer's death.

[M.o_o.N]

On the Style of Jonathan Swift



On the Style of Jonathan Swift

by Samuel Johnson (1709 - 1784)

In [Swift's] works, he has given very different specimens both of sentiment and expression. His "Tale of a Tub" has little resemblance to his other pieces. It exhibits a vehemence and rapidity of mind, a copiousness of images, and vivacity of diction, such as he afterwards never possessed, or never exerted. It is of a mode so distinct and peculiar, that it must be considered by itself; what is true of that, is not true of any thing else which he has written.

In his other works is found an equable tenor of easy language, which rather trickles than flows. His delight was in simplicity. That he has in his works no metaphor, as has been said, is not true; but his few metaphors seem to be received rather by necessity than choice. He studied purity; and though perhaps all his strictures are not exact, yet it is not often that solecisms can be found; and whoever depends on his authority may generally conclude himself safe. His sentences are never too much dilated or contracted; and it will not be easy to find any embarrassment in the complication of his clauses, any inconsequence in his connections, or abruptness in his transitions.

His style was well suited to his thoughts, which are never subtilised by nice disquisitions, decorated by sparkling conceits, elevated by ambitious sentences, or variegated by far-sought learning. He pays no court to the passions; he excites neither surprise nor admiration; he always understands himself, and his readers always understand him: the peruser of Swift wants little previous knowledge; it will be sufficient that he is acquainted with common words and common things; he is neither required to mount elevations nor to explore profundities; his passage is always on a level, along solid ground, without asperities, without obstruction.

This easy and safe conveyance of meaning it was Swift's desire to attain, and for having attained he deserves praise, though perhaps not the highest praise. For purposes merely didactic, when something is to be told that was not known before, it is the best mode, but against that inattention by which known truths are suffered to lie neglected it makes no provision; it instructs, but does not persuade.


http://grammar.about.com/od/rhetoricstyle/a/swiftstyle.htm

[M.o_o.N]

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أنا أم في قسم الأنجليزي
الله يجزلكـ عني ألف خير ويرفع درجاتك في الدنيا و الاخره ..
ويسهل امرك مثل ما يسرتي امري ..
اللهم أمين..