أبو همام اللغبي
06-08-2010, 02:45 AM
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين, والصلاة والسلام على الرسول الكريم و على آله و صحبه أجمعين, وبعد:
فهذه أحاديث باللغتين العربية و الإنجليزية
باب الصدق.
Truthfulness
قال الله تعالى ( التوبة 119 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين }
وقال تعالى ( الأحزاب 35 ) : { والصادقين والصادقات }
وقال تعالى ( محمد 21 ) : { فلو صدقوا الله لكان خيرا لهم }
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"O you who believe! Be afraid of Allah, and be with those who are true (in words and deeds)". (9:119)
"...the men and women who are truthful (in their speech and deeds)..". (33:35)
"...then if they had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them". (47:21)
وأما الأحاديث :
54 - فالأول عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن الصدق يهدي إلى البر وإن البر يهدي إلى الجنة وإن الرجل ليصدق حتى يكتب عند الله صديقا وإن الكذب يهدي إلى الفجور وإن الفجور يهدي إلى النار وإن الرجل ليكذب حتى يكتب عند الله كذابا ] متفق عليه.
. 54- Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Truth leads to piety and piety leads to Jannah. A man persists in speaking the truth till he is enrolled with Allah as a truthful. Falsehood leads to vice and vice leads to the Fire (Hell), and a person persists on telling lies until he is enrolled as a liar".'
[Agreed upon].
Commentary: Siddiq (veracious) and Kadhdhab (liar) both are adjectives of intensive degree. That is to say, the words stand respectively for someone whose truth has become his second nature; and in the opposite case, one is a liar who is in the habit of telling lies. As one acquires a reputation in this world for his good or bad deeds similar is his position before Allah. One who is ranked among the truthful with Him is entitled to reward, and if one is a liar, he has to suffer retribution for it. This Hadith provides incentive for truthfulness because it is a source of every good deed and contains a warning against lying as it gives rise to all kinds of mischief.
55 - الثاني عن أبي محمد الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما قال حفظت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ دع ما يريبك إلى ما لا يريبك فإن الصدق طمأنينة والكذب ريبة ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث صحيح
قوله : [ يريبك ] بفتح الياء وضمها . ومعناه : اترك ما تشك في حله واعدل إلى ما لا تشك فيه.
. 55- Hasan bin `Ali (May Allah be pleased with them) said: I remember (these words) from Messenger of Allah (PBUH): "Give up what is doubtful to you for that which is not doubtful; for truth is peace of mind and falsehood is doubt".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith leads us to the conclusion that one must always avoid doubtful things so that he does not do anything unlawful. This message is repeated in another Hadith which says that he who has saved himself from doubts has in fact saved his Faith and honour.
56 - الثالث عن أبي سفيان صخر بن حرب رضي الله عنه في حديثه الطويل في قصة هرقل قال هرقل : فماذا يأمركم ( يعني النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم ) قال أبو سفيان : قلت يقول [ اعبدوا الله وحده لا تشركوا به شيئا واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ويأمرنا بالصلاة والصدق والعفاف والصلة ] متفق عليه.
. 56- Abu Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) reported, in course of his detailed narration about Heraclius when the latter questioned him about the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) He said that: He (PBUH) told (us): "Worship Allah Alone and do not associate a thing with Him; and give up all that your ancestors said. "He also commands us to perform Salat (prayers), to speak the truth, to observe modesty and to strengthen the ties of kinship.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: In this Hadith an enemy of the Prophet (PBUH) acknowledges the veracity of the Prophet's teaching, because Abu Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) made this admission when he was a pagan. This Hadith is mentioned in detail in Sahih Al-Bukhari.
57 - الرابع عن أبي ثابت . وقيل أبي سعيد . وقيل أبي الوليد سهل بن حنيف وهو بدري رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ من سأل الله تعالى الشهادة بصدق بلغه الله منازل الشهداء وإن مات على فراشه ] رواه مسلم.
57. 57- Abu Thabit from Sahl bin Hunaif (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH) said: "He who asks Allah for martyrdom, Allah will raise him to the high status of the martyrs, even if he dies on his bed".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith highlights the merit and importance of sincere intention which in fact is so great that by virtue of it Allah raises a person's status to that of a martyr. On the contrary, persons of foul intention will be consigned to Hell by Allah even if they die in Jihad.
58 - الخامس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ غزا نبي من الأنبياء صلوات الله وسلامه عليهم فقال لقومه : لا يتبعني رجل ملك بضع امرأة وهو يريد أن يبني بها ولما يبن بها ولا أحد بنى بيوتا لم يرفع شقوفها ولا أحد اشترى غنما أو خلفات وهو ينتظر أولادها . فغزا فدنا من القرية صلاة العصر أو قريبا من ذلك فقال للشمس : إنك مأمورة وأنا مأمور اللهم احبسها علينا . فحبست حتى فتح الله عليه فجمع الغنائم فجاءت ( يعني النار ) لتأكلها فلم تطعمها فقال : إن فيكم غلولا فليبايعني من كل قبيلة رجل فلزقت يد رجل بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول فلتبايعني قبيلتك فلزقت يد رجلين أو ثلاثة بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول . فجاءوا برأس مثل رأس بقرة من الذهب فوضعها فجاءت النار فأكلتها . فلم تحل الغنائم لأحد قبلنا ثم أحل الله لنا الغنائم لما رأى ضعفنا وعجزنا فأحلها لنا ] متفق عليه .
و [ الخلفات ] بفتح الخاء المعجمة وكسر اللام : جمع خلفة وهي الناقة الحامل.
. 58- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "One of the earlier Prophets who was out on an expedition proclaimed among his people that no man should follow him who had married a woman with whom he wished to cohabit but had not yet done so, or who had built houses on which he had not yet put the roofs, or who had bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and was expecting them to produce young. He, then, went on the expedition and approached the town at the time of the 'Asr prayer or little before it. He then told the sun that both it and he were under command and prayed Allah to hold it back for them, so it was held back till Allah gave him victory. He collected the spoils and it (meaning fire) came to devour these, but did not. He said that among the people there was a man who stole from the booty. He told them that a man from every tribe must swear allegiance to him, and when a man's hand stuck to his, he said: "There is thief among you and every individual of your tribe must swear allegiance to me". (In course of swearing of allegiance,) hands of two or three persons stuck to his hand. He said: "The thief is among you". They brought him a head of gold like a cow's head and when he laid it down, the fire came and devoured the spoils. Spoils were not allowed to anyone before us, then Allah allowed spoils to us as He saw our weakness and incapacity and allowed them to us".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
1. In the opinion of Imam As-Suyuti, the Prophet (PBUH) referred to in this Hadith was Prophet Yusha` bin Nun (Joshua). His conduct shows that it is necessary to make suitable arrangements for the worldly needs of those who are engaged in the Cause of Allah so that they can concentrate on their struggle without any distraction.
2. The lawfulness of the booty of war fought in the way of Allah is a specialty of the Muslim Ummah. Before the advent of Islam (the Shar'iah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)), the booty of war which was free from dishonesty used to be consumed by fire. This Hadith also confirms the miracle of the Prophet Yusha' (Joshua) in which the movement of the sun was stopped until he had conquered the village.
59 - السادس عن أبي خالد حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا فإن صدقا وبينا بورك لهما في بيعهما وإن كتما وكذبا محقت بركة بيعهما ] متفق عليه.
59. 59- Hakim bin Hizam (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Both parties in a business transaction have a right to annul it so long as they have not separated; and if they tell the truth and make everything clear to each other (i.e., the seller and the buyer speak the truth, the seller with regard to what is purchased, and the buyer with regard to the money) they will be blessed in their transaction, but if they conceal anything and lie, the blessing on their transaction will be eliminated.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: Here, the two persons engaged in business are seller and buyer. The word 'right' here means that so far both of them are present at the spot where business is being transacted they have a right to cancel their bargain. In other words, even after the mutual acceptance of the terms of the bargain so long as they are present at the spot they are entitled to cancel the deal until the time they separate from each other. Generally, people do not think it permissible to cancel the bargain after it has been settled even though both parties are present there, but this is not correct. Their view is contradicted by the Hadith.Truthfulness is a means of blessings in the business while falsehood and hiding of any defect of the merchandise detract from its blessings.
باب المراقبة
Watchfulness
قال الله تعالى ( الشعراء 219 ، 220 ) : { الذي يراك حين تقوم وتقلبك في الساجدين }
وقال تعالى ( الحديد 4 ) : { وهو معكم أينما كنتم }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 6 ) : { إن الله لا يخفى عليه شيء في الأرض ولا في السماء }
وقال تعالى ( الفجر 14 ) : { إن ربك لبالمرصاد }
وقال تعالى ( غافر 19 ) : { يعلم خائنة الأعين وما تخفي الصدور }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Who sees you (O Muhammad (PBUH)) when you stand up (alone at night for Tahajjud prayers). And your movements among those who fall prostrate (to Allah in the five compulsory congregational prayers)". (26:218,219)
"And He is with you (by His Knowledge) wheresoever you may be". (57:4)
"Truly, nothing is hidden from Allah, in the earth or in the heaven". (3:5)
"Verily, your Rubb is Ever Watchful (over them)". (89:14)
"Allah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal". (40:19)
60 - وأما الأحاديث فالأول عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال : بينما نحن عند رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ذات يوم إذ طلع علينا رجل شديد بياض الثياب شديد سواد الشعر لا يرى عليه أثر السفر ولا يعرفه منا أحد حتى جلس إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم فأسند ركبتيه إلى ركبتيه ووضع كفيه على فخذيه وقال : يا محمد أخبرني عن الإسلام ؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله وتقيم الصلاة وتؤتي الزكاة وتصوم رمضان وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلا ] قال صدقت . فعجبنا له يسأله ويصدقه قال : فأخبرني عن الإيمان ؟ قال : [ أن تؤمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره ] قال صدقت . قال : فأخبرني عن الإحسان ؟ قال : [ أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه يراك ] قال : فأخبرني عن الساعة ؟ قال : [ ما المسئول عنها بأعلم من السائل ] قال : فأخبرني عن أماراتها ؟ قال : [ أن تلد الأمة ربتها وأن ترى الحفاة العراة العالة رعاء الشاء يتطاولون في البنيان ] ثم انطلق فلبثت مليا ثم قال : [ يا عمر أتدري من السائل ؟ ] قلت : الله ورسوله أعلم . قال : [ فإنه جبريل أتاكم يعلمكم دينكم ] رواه مسلم
ومعنى [ تلد الأمة ربتها ] : أي سيدتها . ومعناه : أن تكثر السراري حتى تلد الأمة السرية بنتا لسيدها وبنت السيد في معنى السيد . وقيل غير ذلك
و [ العالة ] : الفقراء
وقوله [ مليا ] أي زمانا طويلا وكان ذلك ثلاثا.
. ' 60- Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with them) said: Once we were sitting in the company of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) when there appeared a man dressed in very white clothes and having extraordinary black hair. No signs of fatigue of journey appeared on him and he was known to none of us. He sat down facing the Prophet (PBUH) leaning his knees against the knees of the Prophet (PBUH) and placing both of his palms over his two thighs and said, "O Muhammad (PBUH)! Tell me about Islam". He (PBUH)replied, "Islam is to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that Muhammad (PBUH) is the Messenger of Allah; that you observe Salat (prayers), pay Zakat, observe Saum (fasting) of Ramadan and perform Hajj (pilgrimage) of the House, provided you have resources of making journey to it.'' He replied: "You have spoken the truth". We were surprised to see that he had asked him and confirmed the correctness of the answers. He then enquired: "Tell me about Iman". He (PBUH) said. "It is to believe in Allah, and His Books, and His Messengers and the Last Day and that you believe in foreordainment, its bad and good consequences.'' He said, "You have spoken the truth.'' He then enquired: "Tell me about Ihsan.'' He (PBUH) said, "It is to worship Allah as if you are seeing Him; and although you do not see Him, He sees you". He enquired: "Inform me about the Hour (i.e., the Day of Resurrection)". He (PBUH) replied, "I have no more knowledge thereof than you". He said, "Inform me about some of its signs". He (PBUH) said, "They are - that a bondswoman gives birth to her own master, and that you will find the barefooted, naked, poor shepherds competing one another in the construction of higher buildings". Then he departed. The Messenger of Allah kept silent for a while then he said to me, "O `Umar! Do you know who the questioner was?'' I replied, "Allah and His Messenger know better". The Prophet (PBUH) said, "He was Jibril (Gabriel); he came to you to teach you your religion".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith is known as 'Hadith Jibril'. It mentions the basics of Islam the details of which are known to every Muslim. Al-Qadr (Divine foreordainment) means that Allah already knows and had recorded everything that will happen until the Day of Resurrection. Now whatever happens is in accordance with that knowledge and writing. What is meant by its good and bad consequences can be illustrated by saying that tranquillity, prosperity and abundance of crops come in the category of good consequences. Famine, calamities and troubles, etc., fall in the list as evil consequences. But we regard them good or bad according to our own understanding; otherwise, every action of Allah has some wisdom and expedience which are known to Him Alone.
61 - الثاني عن أبي ذر جندب بن جنادة وأبي عبد الرحمن معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنهما عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ اتق الله حيثما كنت وأتبع السيئة الحسنة تمحها وخالق الناس بخلق حسن ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن.
. 61- Abu Dharr and Mu`adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with them) reported that: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Fear Allah wherever you are, do good deeds after doing bad ones, the former will wipe out the latter, and behave decently towards people".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: Virtue obliterates vice means that virtue becomes an atonement for sin. But this applies to minor sins only because major ones will not be forgiven without sincere repentance. Similar is the case of encroachment on public rights which will not be forgiven without their compensation.
62 - الثالث عن ابن عباس رسول الله قال : كنت خلف النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يوما فقال : [ يا غلام إني أعلمك كلمات : احفظ الله يحفظك احفظ الله تجده تجاهك إذا سألت فسأل الله وإذا استعنت فاستعن بالله واعلم أن الأمة لو اجتمعت على أن ينفعوك بشيء لم ينفعوك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله لك وإن اجتمعوا على أن يضروك بشيء لم يضروك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله عليك رفعت الأقلام وجفت الصحف ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح
وفي رواية غير الترمذي : [ احفظ الله تجده أمامك تعرف إلى الله في الرخاء يعرفك في الشدة واعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك واعلم أن النصر مع الصبر وأن الفرج مع الكرب وأن مع العسر يسرا ].
62- Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) said: One day, I was riding behind the Prophet (PBUH) when he said, "O boy! I will instruct you in some matters. Be watchful of Allah (Commandments of Allah), He will preserve you. Safeguard His Rights, He will be ever with you. If you beg, beg of Him Alone; and if you need assistance, supplicate to Allah Alone for help. And remember that if all the people gather to benefit you, they will not be able to benefit you except that which Allah had foreordained (for you); and if all of them gather to do harm to you, they will not be able to afflict you with anything other than that which Allah had pre-destined against you. The pens had been lifted and the ink had dried up".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Another narration is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Safeguard the Commandments of Allah, you will find Him before you. Remember Him in prosperity and He will remember you in adversity. Be sure that which you miss, was not to hit you; and what hits you, was never to miss you. Remember that the Help of Allah is obtained with patience, and relief emerges after distress, prosperity follows adversity, and hardship is followed by ease".
Commentary:
1. No one has the power to change the Decision of Allah.
2. Whatever trouble one has to suffer in this world, it does not last for ever. Every trouble is followed by prosperity, pleasure and happiness.
3. One should never ask other than Allah anyone's help in supernatural way because it amounts to ascribing partnership with Allah. If a person is mindful of the Rights of Allah, then Allah, in return takes care of his needs and helps him.
63 - الرابع عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال : إنكم لتعملون أعمالا هي أدق في أعينكم من الشعر كنا نعدها على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم من الموبقات ] رواه البخاري
وقال [ الموبقات ] : المهلكات.
. 63- Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: You indulge in (bad) actions which are more insignificant to you than a hair while we considered them at the time of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to be great destroying sins".
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: The less fear of Allah, one has the more disobedient he becomes to Him. As the fear of Allah decreases, one becomes more bold in committing sins. As the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were intensely fearful of Allah, they were afraid of committing even very minor sins.
64 - الخامس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن الله تعالى يغار وغيرة الله أن يأتي المرء ما حرم الله عليه ] متفق عليه
و [ الغيرة ] بفتح الغين وأصلها الأنفة.
. 64- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, 'Verily, 'Allah, the Exalted, becomes angry, and His Anger is provoked when a person does what Allah has declared unlawful".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: Commitment of unlawful acts calls for the displeasure and Wrath of Allah.
65 - السادس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أنه سمع النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ إن ثلاثة من بني إسرائيل أبرص وأقرع وأعمى أراد الله أن يبتليهم فبعث إليهم ملكا . فأتى الأبرص فقال : أي شيء أحب إليك ؟ قال : لون حسن وجلد حسن ويذهب عني الذي قد قذرني الناس . فمسحه فذهب عنه قذره وأعطي لونا حسنا وجلدا حسنا . قال : فأي المال أحب إليك ؟ قال : الإبل أو قال البقر . ( شك الراوي ) فأعطي ناقة عشراء فقال بارك الله لك فيها
فأتى الأقرع فقال : أي شيء أحب إليك ؟ قال : شعر حسن ويذهب عني هذا الذي قذرني الناس . فمسحه فذهب عنه وأعطي شعرا حسنا . قال : فأي المال أحب إليك ؟ قال : البقر فأعطي بقرة حاملا قال بارك الله لك فيها
فأتى الأعمى فقال : أي شيء أحب إليك ؟ قال : أن يرد الله إلي بصري فأبصر الناس . فمسحه فرد الله إليه بصره . قال : فأي المال أحب إليك ؟ قال : الغنم . فأعطي شاة والدا . فأنتج هذان وولد هذا فكان لهذا واد من الإبل ولهذا واد من البقر ولهذا واد من الغنم . ثم إنه أتى الأبرص في صورته وهيئته فقال : رجل مسكين قد انقطعت بي الحبال في سفري فلا بلاغ لي اليوم إلا بالله ثم بك أسألك بالذي أعطاك اللون الحسن والجلد الحسن والمال بعيرا أتبلغ به في سفري . فقال : الحقوق كثيرة . فقال : كأني أعرفك : ألم تكن أبرص يقذرك الناس فقيرا فأعطاك الله ؟ فقال : إنما ورثت هذا المال كابرا عن كابر . فقال : إن كنت كاذبا فصيرك الله إلى ما كنت . وأتى الأقرع في صورته وهيئته فقال له مثل ما قال لهذا ورد عليه مثل ما رد هذا . فقال : إن كنت كاذبا فصيرك الله إلى ما كنت
وأتى الأعمى في صورته وهيئته فقال : رجل مسكين وابن سبيل انقطعت بي الحبال في سفري فلا بلاغ لي اليوم إلا بالله ثم بك أسألك بالذي رد عليك بصرك شاة أتبلغ بها في سفري . فقال : قد كنت أعمى فرد الله إلي بصري فخذ ما شئت ودع ما شئت فوالله لا أجهدك اليوم بشيء أخذته لله عز و جل . فقال : أمسك مالك فإنما ابتليتم فقد رضي عنك وسخط على صاحبيك ] متفق عليه
و [ الناقة العشراء ] بضم العين وفتح الشين وبالمد وهي : الحامل
قوله [ أنتج ] وفي رواية [ فنتج ] معناه : تولى نتاجها . والناتج للناقة كالقابلة للمرأة
وقوله [ ولد هذا ] هو بتشديد اللام : أي : تولى ولادتها . وهو بمعنى أنتج في الناقة . فالمولد والناتج والقابلة بمعنى لكن هذا للحيوان وذاك لغيره
قوله [ انقطعت بي الحبال ] هو بالحاء المهملة والباء الموحدة : أي الأسباب
وقوله [ لا أجهدك ] معناه : لا أشق عليك في رد شيء تأخذه أو تطلبه من مالي . وفي رواية البخاري [ لا أحمدك ] بالحاء المهملة والميم ومعناه : لا أحمدك بترك شيء تحتاج إليه كما قالوا : ليس على طول الحياة ندم : أي على فوات طولها
. 65- 65- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said that: He heard the Prophet (PBUH) said: "There were three men among the Banu Israel, one leper, one bald and one blind. Allah wanted to test them. He therefore, sent to them an angel who came to the leper and asked him what he would like best. He replied: "A good colour, a good skin and to be rid of what makes me loathsome to people". He (the angel) rubbed him and his loathsomeness vanished and he was given a good colour and a good skin. He then asked him what type of property he would like best. The leper replied that he would like camels - [or perhaps he said cattle, for Ishaq (one of the subnarrator of the Hadith) was uncertain, either said: 'Camels,' or: 'Cattle']. He was given a pregnant she-camel. The angel invoked for Allah's Blessing on it. The angel then went to the bald man and asked him what he would like best and he replied: "Good hair and to be rid of what makes me loathsome to people". The angel ran his hand over him and he was given good hair. He then asked him what property he would like best. He replied that he would like cattle, so he was given a pregnant cow. The angel invoked Allah's Blessing on it. The angel then went to the blind man and asked him what he would like best, and he replied: "I wish that Allah restore my sight to me so that I may see people.'' Thereupon the angel ran his hand over him and Allah restored his sight. The angel then asked what property he would like best. He replied that he would like sheep, so he was given a pregnant ewe. Flocks and herds were produced for the three men, the first having a valley full of camels, the second one, a valley full of cows and the third one full of sheep. Then the angel came in the form of a leper, to the one who had been a leper, and said: "I am a poor man and my resources have been exhausted in my journey, and my only means of reaching my destination are dependent on Allah and then on you, so I ask you by Him Who gave you the good colour, the good skin and the property, for a camel by which I may get to my destination". He replied: "I have many dues to pay.'' The angel then said: "I think I recognize you. Were you not a leper whom people found loathsome and a poor man to whom Allah gave property?'' He replied: "I inherited this property through generations". The angel said: "If you are telling a lie, may Allah return you to your former condition". The angel went in the form of a bald man to the one who had been bald, and said the same as he had said to the former and received a similar reply. So he said: "If you are telling a lie, may Allah return you to your former condition". The angel then went to the one who had been blind and said: "I am a poor traveller and my resources have been exhausted in my journey. My only means of reaching my destination are dependant on Allah and then on you, so I ask you by Him Who restored your eyesight for a sheep by which I may get to the end of my journey". He replied: "Yes, I was blind. Allah restored my eyesight, so take what you wish and leave what you wish. I swear by Allah that I shall not argue with you today to return anything you take, as I give it for Allah's sake". The angel said: "Keep your property. You have all simply been put to a test, and Allah is pleased with you and displeased with both of your companions".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith tells us that abundance of property and wealth is also a trial. He alone succeeds in this trial who in the midst of his riches does not forget about Allah's Status and his own status. Rather than becoming proud of his wealth, he takes pleasure in spending it in fulfilling the needs of people and expresses gratitude to Him in practical terms. Those who take an opposite course are regarded unsuccessful because on account of their wrong attitude, they tend to falsehood, pride and miserliness which cause the displeasure of Allah..
66 - السابع عن أبي يعلى شداد بن أوس رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ الكيس من دان نفسه وعمل لما بعد الموت والعاجز من أتبع نفسه هواها وتمنى على الله ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
قال الترمذي وغيره من العلماء : معنى [ دان نفسه ] : حاسبها.
. 66- 66- Shaddad bin Aus (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "A wise man is the one who calls himself to account (and refrains from doing evil deeds) and does noble deeds to benefit him after death; and the foolish person is the one who subdues himself to his temptations and desires and seeks from Allah the fulfillment of his vain desires".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith highlights the importance of the accountability of one's self. Mere desires which are not coupled with practical efforts are of no avail because Allah grants reward on good deeds and not on yearnings and desires which are not supported by noble actions.
67 - الثامن عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ من حسن إسلام المرء تركه ما لا يعنيه ] حديث حسن رواه الترمذي وغيره.
. 67- 67- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "It is from the excellence of (a believer's) Islam that he should shun that which is of no concern to him".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith lays down a very important principle that one should avoid senseless talk and actions. If one acts upon this principle, he can save himself from many sins and evils.
68 - التاسع عن عمر رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ لا يسأل الرجل فيم ضرب امرأته ] رواه أبو داود وغيره .
68. `68- Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "No man shall be asked for the reason of beating his wife".
[Abu Dawud].
Commentary: This Hadith is also reported by Ibn Majah and Ahmad. Sheikh Al-Albani* has classified this Hadith as `weak' since its narration is not authenticated, therefore its contents are also not valid. Islam has not given the husbands absolute right over their wives and that they will not be questioned in the Hereafter or that they should not be questioned for their action and misbehaviour with the wives. On the contrary, Islam has stressed upon them to be lenient and tender in relation with wives; and this means that they will be taken to task for any wrong and injustice done by them to their wives.
* Sh. Al-Albani is the leading authority in the science of Hadith.
6 - باب التقوى.
Piety
قال الله تعالى ( آل عمران 102 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته }
وقال تعالى ( التغابن 16 ) : { فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم }
وهذه الآية مبينة للمراد من الأولى
وقال الله تعالى ( الأحزاب 70 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وقولوا قولا سديدا }
والآيات في الأمر بالتقوى كثيرة معروفة
وقال تعالى ( الطلاق 2 ، 3 ) : { ومن يتق الله يجعل له مخرجا ويرزقه من حيث لا يحتسب }
وقال تعالى ( الأنفال 29 ) : { إن تتقوا الله يجعل لكم فرقانا ويكفر عنكم سيئاتكم . ويغفر لكم والله ذو الفضل العظيم }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة.
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"O you who believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared". (3:102)
"So, keep your duty to Allah and fear Him as much as you can...'' (64:16)
This second Verse explains the meaning of the first one.
"O you who believe! Keep your duty to Allah and fear Him, and speak (always) the truth". (33:70)
"... And whosoever fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine...'' (65:2,3)
"If you obey and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan [(a criterion to judge between right and wrong), or (Makhraj, i.e., a way for you to get out from every difficulty)], and will expiate for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is the Owner of the great bounty". (8:29)
69 - وأما الأحاديث : فالأول عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قيل : يا رسول الله من أكرم الناس ؟ قال : [ أتقاهم ] فقالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فيوسف نبي الله بن نبي الله بن نبي الله بن خليل الله ] قالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فعن معادن العرب تسألوني ؟ خيارهم في الجاهلية خيارهم في الإسلام إذا فقهوا ] متفق عليه
و [ فقهوا ] بضم القاف على المشهور وحكي كسرها : أي علموا أحكام الشرع.
. 69- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: It was asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Who is the most honourable amongst mankind?'' He (PBUH) said, "The most honourable of them is one who is the most pious of them.'' They said, "We are not asking about this". He said, "Then, the most honourable of men was Yusuf (Joseph), the Prophet of Allah, the son of Allah's Prophet, who was the son of the Prophet of Allah, who was the son of the Khalil of Allah (i.e., Ibrahim (PBUH))' They said, "We are not asking you about this.'' He enquired, "Are you then asking me about the classes of the Arabs? The best of them in the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance are the best of them in Islam, provided they comprehend the religious knowledge".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: We come to know from this Hadith that the families which enjoyed popularity and prestige for their eminent qualities (like generosity, chivalry, honesty, etc.) in the pre-Islamic period were also credited for these values after their acceptance of Islam. But now their respect was qualified with their religious knowledge and practice. Their capabilities, self-respect and other qualities were turned towards a different direction. These qualities which were previously used for paganism were now devoted for Islam.
70 - الثاني عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن
الدنيا حلوة خضرة وإن الله مستخلفكم فيها فينظر كيف تعملون فاتقوا الدنيا واتقوا النساء فإن أول فتنة بني إسرائيل كانت في النساء ] رواه مسلم.
. 70- Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "The life of the world is sweet and green. Allah makes you generations succeeding one another so that He may try you in respect of your actions. So beware of the beguilements of the world and those of women. The first trial of Banu Israel was through women".
[Muslim].
Commentary: Wealth and property of this world are favourites of everyone like the fresh fruit which is sweet, delicious and attractive for all. Everyone likes them and is attracted towards them. The most delicious fruit of this world is woman but at the same time it is the most baneful. One who inclines towards wealth and women and ignores the Islamic legal injunctions, has at stake both his Deen and Faith; and one who benefits from them keeping oneself within the bounds of Islam, would be safe from their ruinous effects.
71 - الثالث عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم كان يقول : [ اللهم إني أسألك الهدى والتقى والعفاف والغنى ] رواه مسلم.
. `71- Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (PBUH) used to say: "Allahumma inni as'alukal-huda wat-tuqa wal-`afafa wal-ghina (O Allah! I ask You for guidance, piety, chastity and self-sufficiency)".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith contains four words, the meanings and implications of which constitute its essence. These words are guidance, piety (fear of Allah), chastity and sufficiency. Guidance here means guidance at every turn of life and steadfastness on the path of truth. Fear of Allah is the greatest means of piety and strongest defense against sins. Chastity is the state of being free from what is unlawful. Self-sufficiency is the antonym of poverty and here it means the self-contentment. What it implies is that one should not care for what people possess. In view of all these qualities, the prayer of the Prophet (PBUH) mentioned in this Hadith is very comprehensive and valuable.
72 - الرابع عن أبي طريف عدي بن حاتم الطائي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ من حلف على يمين ثم رأى أتقى لله منها فليأت التقوى ] رواه مسلم .
. `72- Adi bin Hatim At-Ta'i (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) say: "He who has taken an oath (to do something) but found something else better than that (which brings him closer to Allah), then he should do that which is better in piety (and he should expiate for the breaking of oath)".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith emphasizes the importance of having the fear of Allah. So much so that if somebody has made a vow to commit some sin he should break it, arrange for its expiation and keep himself away from that sin or any other act that contravenes the fear of Allah.
73 - الخامس عن أبي أمامة صدي بن عجلان الباهلي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يخطب في حجة الوداع فقال : [ اتقوا الله وصلوا خمسكم وصوموا شهركم وأدوا زكاة أموالكم وأطيعوا أمراءكم تدخلوا جنة ربكم ] رواه الترمذي في آخر كتاب الصلاة وقال حديث حسن صحيح.
. 73- Abu Umamah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) during the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage saying, "Be mindful of your duty to Allah; perform your five daily Salat, observe Saum during the month (of Ramadan) , pay the Zakat on your properties and obey your leaders; (if you do so) you will enter the Jannah of your Rubb".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: The word Wada`, means to say farewell. The Farewell Pilgrimage was the last pilgrimage, the Prophet (PBUH) performed, and on this occasion he bade farewell to the people and for this reason it came to be known as Hajjat-ul-Wada`. Obedience of the rulers is stressed but it is conditional, that is to say, they are to be obeyed only if their orders are not against the injunctions of Allah. Similarly, their obedience is obligatory till such time that they do not do anything which amounts to open disbelief. If any of these two things occurs, then no obedience would be due to them
الحمد لله رب العالمين
أبو همام اللغبي
الحمد لله رب العالمين, والصلاة والسلام على الرسول الكريم و على آله و صحبه أجمعين, وبعد:
فهذه أحاديث باللغتين العربية و الإنجليزية
باب الصدق.
Truthfulness
قال الله تعالى ( التوبة 119 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين }
وقال تعالى ( الأحزاب 35 ) : { والصادقين والصادقات }
وقال تعالى ( محمد 21 ) : { فلو صدقوا الله لكان خيرا لهم }
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"O you who believe! Be afraid of Allah, and be with those who are true (in words and deeds)". (9:119)
"...the men and women who are truthful (in their speech and deeds)..". (33:35)
"...then if they had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them". (47:21)
وأما الأحاديث :
54 - فالأول عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن الصدق يهدي إلى البر وإن البر يهدي إلى الجنة وإن الرجل ليصدق حتى يكتب عند الله صديقا وإن الكذب يهدي إلى الفجور وإن الفجور يهدي إلى النار وإن الرجل ليكذب حتى يكتب عند الله كذابا ] متفق عليه.
. 54- Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Truth leads to piety and piety leads to Jannah. A man persists in speaking the truth till he is enrolled with Allah as a truthful. Falsehood leads to vice and vice leads to the Fire (Hell), and a person persists on telling lies until he is enrolled as a liar".'
[Agreed upon].
Commentary: Siddiq (veracious) and Kadhdhab (liar) both are adjectives of intensive degree. That is to say, the words stand respectively for someone whose truth has become his second nature; and in the opposite case, one is a liar who is in the habit of telling lies. As one acquires a reputation in this world for his good or bad deeds similar is his position before Allah. One who is ranked among the truthful with Him is entitled to reward, and if one is a liar, he has to suffer retribution for it. This Hadith provides incentive for truthfulness because it is a source of every good deed and contains a warning against lying as it gives rise to all kinds of mischief.
55 - الثاني عن أبي محمد الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما قال حفظت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ دع ما يريبك إلى ما لا يريبك فإن الصدق طمأنينة والكذب ريبة ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث صحيح
قوله : [ يريبك ] بفتح الياء وضمها . ومعناه : اترك ما تشك في حله واعدل إلى ما لا تشك فيه.
. 55- Hasan bin `Ali (May Allah be pleased with them) said: I remember (these words) from Messenger of Allah (PBUH): "Give up what is doubtful to you for that which is not doubtful; for truth is peace of mind and falsehood is doubt".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith leads us to the conclusion that one must always avoid doubtful things so that he does not do anything unlawful. This message is repeated in another Hadith which says that he who has saved himself from doubts has in fact saved his Faith and honour.
56 - الثالث عن أبي سفيان صخر بن حرب رضي الله عنه في حديثه الطويل في قصة هرقل قال هرقل : فماذا يأمركم ( يعني النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم ) قال أبو سفيان : قلت يقول [ اعبدوا الله وحده لا تشركوا به شيئا واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ويأمرنا بالصلاة والصدق والعفاف والصلة ] متفق عليه.
. 56- Abu Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) reported, in course of his detailed narration about Heraclius when the latter questioned him about the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) He said that: He (PBUH) told (us): "Worship Allah Alone and do not associate a thing with Him; and give up all that your ancestors said. "He also commands us to perform Salat (prayers), to speak the truth, to observe modesty and to strengthen the ties of kinship.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: In this Hadith an enemy of the Prophet (PBUH) acknowledges the veracity of the Prophet's teaching, because Abu Sufyan (May Allah be pleased with him) made this admission when he was a pagan. This Hadith is mentioned in detail in Sahih Al-Bukhari.
57 - الرابع عن أبي ثابت . وقيل أبي سعيد . وقيل أبي الوليد سهل بن حنيف وهو بدري رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ من سأل الله تعالى الشهادة بصدق بلغه الله منازل الشهداء وإن مات على فراشه ] رواه مسلم.
57. 57- Abu Thabit from Sahl bin Hunaif (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH) said: "He who asks Allah for martyrdom, Allah will raise him to the high status of the martyrs, even if he dies on his bed".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith highlights the merit and importance of sincere intention which in fact is so great that by virtue of it Allah raises a person's status to that of a martyr. On the contrary, persons of foul intention will be consigned to Hell by Allah even if they die in Jihad.
58 - الخامس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ غزا نبي من الأنبياء صلوات الله وسلامه عليهم فقال لقومه : لا يتبعني رجل ملك بضع امرأة وهو يريد أن يبني بها ولما يبن بها ولا أحد بنى بيوتا لم يرفع شقوفها ولا أحد اشترى غنما أو خلفات وهو ينتظر أولادها . فغزا فدنا من القرية صلاة العصر أو قريبا من ذلك فقال للشمس : إنك مأمورة وأنا مأمور اللهم احبسها علينا . فحبست حتى فتح الله عليه فجمع الغنائم فجاءت ( يعني النار ) لتأكلها فلم تطعمها فقال : إن فيكم غلولا فليبايعني من كل قبيلة رجل فلزقت يد رجل بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول فلتبايعني قبيلتك فلزقت يد رجلين أو ثلاثة بيده فقال : فيكم الغلول . فجاءوا برأس مثل رأس بقرة من الذهب فوضعها فجاءت النار فأكلتها . فلم تحل الغنائم لأحد قبلنا ثم أحل الله لنا الغنائم لما رأى ضعفنا وعجزنا فأحلها لنا ] متفق عليه .
و [ الخلفات ] بفتح الخاء المعجمة وكسر اللام : جمع خلفة وهي الناقة الحامل.
. 58- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "One of the earlier Prophets who was out on an expedition proclaimed among his people that no man should follow him who had married a woman with whom he wished to cohabit but had not yet done so, or who had built houses on which he had not yet put the roofs, or who had bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and was expecting them to produce young. He, then, went on the expedition and approached the town at the time of the 'Asr prayer or little before it. He then told the sun that both it and he were under command and prayed Allah to hold it back for them, so it was held back till Allah gave him victory. He collected the spoils and it (meaning fire) came to devour these, but did not. He said that among the people there was a man who stole from the booty. He told them that a man from every tribe must swear allegiance to him, and when a man's hand stuck to his, he said: "There is thief among you and every individual of your tribe must swear allegiance to me". (In course of swearing of allegiance,) hands of two or three persons stuck to his hand. He said: "The thief is among you". They brought him a head of gold like a cow's head and when he laid it down, the fire came and devoured the spoils. Spoils were not allowed to anyone before us, then Allah allowed spoils to us as He saw our weakness and incapacity and allowed them to us".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary:
1. In the opinion of Imam As-Suyuti, the Prophet (PBUH) referred to in this Hadith was Prophet Yusha` bin Nun (Joshua). His conduct shows that it is necessary to make suitable arrangements for the worldly needs of those who are engaged in the Cause of Allah so that they can concentrate on their struggle without any distraction.
2. The lawfulness of the booty of war fought in the way of Allah is a specialty of the Muslim Ummah. Before the advent of Islam (the Shar'iah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)), the booty of war which was free from dishonesty used to be consumed by fire. This Hadith also confirms the miracle of the Prophet Yusha' (Joshua) in which the movement of the sun was stopped until he had conquered the village.
59 - السادس عن أبي خالد حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا فإن صدقا وبينا بورك لهما في بيعهما وإن كتما وكذبا محقت بركة بيعهما ] متفق عليه.
59. 59- Hakim bin Hizam (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Both parties in a business transaction have a right to annul it so long as they have not separated; and if they tell the truth and make everything clear to each other (i.e., the seller and the buyer speak the truth, the seller with regard to what is purchased, and the buyer with regard to the money) they will be blessed in their transaction, but if they conceal anything and lie, the blessing on their transaction will be eliminated.''
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: Here, the two persons engaged in business are seller and buyer. The word 'right' here means that so far both of them are present at the spot where business is being transacted they have a right to cancel their bargain. In other words, even after the mutual acceptance of the terms of the bargain so long as they are present at the spot they are entitled to cancel the deal until the time they separate from each other. Generally, people do not think it permissible to cancel the bargain after it has been settled even though both parties are present there, but this is not correct. Their view is contradicted by the Hadith.Truthfulness is a means of blessings in the business while falsehood and hiding of any defect of the merchandise detract from its blessings.
باب المراقبة
Watchfulness
قال الله تعالى ( الشعراء 219 ، 220 ) : { الذي يراك حين تقوم وتقلبك في الساجدين }
وقال تعالى ( الحديد 4 ) : { وهو معكم أينما كنتم }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 6 ) : { إن الله لا يخفى عليه شيء في الأرض ولا في السماء }
وقال تعالى ( الفجر 14 ) : { إن ربك لبالمرصاد }
وقال تعالى ( غافر 19 ) : { يعلم خائنة الأعين وما تخفي الصدور }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Who sees you (O Muhammad (PBUH)) when you stand up (alone at night for Tahajjud prayers). And your movements among those who fall prostrate (to Allah in the five compulsory congregational prayers)". (26:218,219)
"And He is with you (by His Knowledge) wheresoever you may be". (57:4)
"Truly, nothing is hidden from Allah, in the earth or in the heaven". (3:5)
"Verily, your Rubb is Ever Watchful (over them)". (89:14)
"Allah knows the fraud of the eyes, and all that the breasts conceal". (40:19)
60 - وأما الأحاديث فالأول عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال : بينما نحن عند رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ذات يوم إذ طلع علينا رجل شديد بياض الثياب شديد سواد الشعر لا يرى عليه أثر السفر ولا يعرفه منا أحد حتى جلس إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم فأسند ركبتيه إلى ركبتيه ووضع كفيه على فخذيه وقال : يا محمد أخبرني عن الإسلام ؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ الإسلام أن تشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله وتقيم الصلاة وتؤتي الزكاة وتصوم رمضان وتحج البيت إن استطعت إليه سبيلا ] قال صدقت . فعجبنا له يسأله ويصدقه قال : فأخبرني عن الإيمان ؟ قال : [ أن تؤمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره ] قال صدقت . قال : فأخبرني عن الإحسان ؟ قال : [ أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه يراك ] قال : فأخبرني عن الساعة ؟ قال : [ ما المسئول عنها بأعلم من السائل ] قال : فأخبرني عن أماراتها ؟ قال : [ أن تلد الأمة ربتها وأن ترى الحفاة العراة العالة رعاء الشاء يتطاولون في البنيان ] ثم انطلق فلبثت مليا ثم قال : [ يا عمر أتدري من السائل ؟ ] قلت : الله ورسوله أعلم . قال : [ فإنه جبريل أتاكم يعلمكم دينكم ] رواه مسلم
ومعنى [ تلد الأمة ربتها ] : أي سيدتها . ومعناه : أن تكثر السراري حتى تلد الأمة السرية بنتا لسيدها وبنت السيد في معنى السيد . وقيل غير ذلك
و [ العالة ] : الفقراء
وقوله [ مليا ] أي زمانا طويلا وكان ذلك ثلاثا.
. ' 60- Umar bin Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with them) said: Once we were sitting in the company of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) when there appeared a man dressed in very white clothes and having extraordinary black hair. No signs of fatigue of journey appeared on him and he was known to none of us. He sat down facing the Prophet (PBUH) leaning his knees against the knees of the Prophet (PBUH) and placing both of his palms over his two thighs and said, "O Muhammad (PBUH)! Tell me about Islam". He (PBUH)replied, "Islam is to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that Muhammad (PBUH) is the Messenger of Allah; that you observe Salat (prayers), pay Zakat, observe Saum (fasting) of Ramadan and perform Hajj (pilgrimage) of the House, provided you have resources of making journey to it.'' He replied: "You have spoken the truth". We were surprised to see that he had asked him and confirmed the correctness of the answers. He then enquired: "Tell me about Iman". He (PBUH) said. "It is to believe in Allah, and His Books, and His Messengers and the Last Day and that you believe in foreordainment, its bad and good consequences.'' He said, "You have spoken the truth.'' He then enquired: "Tell me about Ihsan.'' He (PBUH) said, "It is to worship Allah as if you are seeing Him; and although you do not see Him, He sees you". He enquired: "Inform me about the Hour (i.e., the Day of Resurrection)". He (PBUH) replied, "I have no more knowledge thereof than you". He said, "Inform me about some of its signs". He (PBUH) said, "They are - that a bondswoman gives birth to her own master, and that you will find the barefooted, naked, poor shepherds competing one another in the construction of higher buildings". Then he departed. The Messenger of Allah kept silent for a while then he said to me, "O `Umar! Do you know who the questioner was?'' I replied, "Allah and His Messenger know better". The Prophet (PBUH) said, "He was Jibril (Gabriel); he came to you to teach you your religion".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith is known as 'Hadith Jibril'. It mentions the basics of Islam the details of which are known to every Muslim. Al-Qadr (Divine foreordainment) means that Allah already knows and had recorded everything that will happen until the Day of Resurrection. Now whatever happens is in accordance with that knowledge and writing. What is meant by its good and bad consequences can be illustrated by saying that tranquillity, prosperity and abundance of crops come in the category of good consequences. Famine, calamities and troubles, etc., fall in the list as evil consequences. But we regard them good or bad according to our own understanding; otherwise, every action of Allah has some wisdom and expedience which are known to Him Alone.
61 - الثاني عن أبي ذر جندب بن جنادة وأبي عبد الرحمن معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنهما عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ اتق الله حيثما كنت وأتبع السيئة الحسنة تمحها وخالق الناس بخلق حسن ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن.
. 61- Abu Dharr and Mu`adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with them) reported that: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Fear Allah wherever you are, do good deeds after doing bad ones, the former will wipe out the latter, and behave decently towards people".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: Virtue obliterates vice means that virtue becomes an atonement for sin. But this applies to minor sins only because major ones will not be forgiven without sincere repentance. Similar is the case of encroachment on public rights which will not be forgiven without their compensation.
62 - الثالث عن ابن عباس رسول الله قال : كنت خلف النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يوما فقال : [ يا غلام إني أعلمك كلمات : احفظ الله يحفظك احفظ الله تجده تجاهك إذا سألت فسأل الله وإذا استعنت فاستعن بالله واعلم أن الأمة لو اجتمعت على أن ينفعوك بشيء لم ينفعوك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله لك وإن اجتمعوا على أن يضروك بشيء لم يضروك إلا بشيء قد كتبه الله عليك رفعت الأقلام وجفت الصحف ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح
وفي رواية غير الترمذي : [ احفظ الله تجده أمامك تعرف إلى الله في الرخاء يعرفك في الشدة واعلم أن ما أخطأك لم يكن ليصيبك وما أصابك لم يكن ليخطئك واعلم أن النصر مع الصبر وأن الفرج مع الكرب وأن مع العسر يسرا ].
62- Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) said: One day, I was riding behind the Prophet (PBUH) when he said, "O boy! I will instruct you in some matters. Be watchful of Allah (Commandments of Allah), He will preserve you. Safeguard His Rights, He will be ever with you. If you beg, beg of Him Alone; and if you need assistance, supplicate to Allah Alone for help. And remember that if all the people gather to benefit you, they will not be able to benefit you except that which Allah had foreordained (for you); and if all of them gather to do harm to you, they will not be able to afflict you with anything other than that which Allah had pre-destined against you. The pens had been lifted and the ink had dried up".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Another narration is: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Safeguard the Commandments of Allah, you will find Him before you. Remember Him in prosperity and He will remember you in adversity. Be sure that which you miss, was not to hit you; and what hits you, was never to miss you. Remember that the Help of Allah is obtained with patience, and relief emerges after distress, prosperity follows adversity, and hardship is followed by ease".
Commentary:
1. No one has the power to change the Decision of Allah.
2. Whatever trouble one has to suffer in this world, it does not last for ever. Every trouble is followed by prosperity, pleasure and happiness.
3. One should never ask other than Allah anyone's help in supernatural way because it amounts to ascribing partnership with Allah. If a person is mindful of the Rights of Allah, then Allah, in return takes care of his needs and helps him.
63 - الرابع عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال : إنكم لتعملون أعمالا هي أدق في أعينكم من الشعر كنا نعدها على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم من الموبقات ] رواه البخاري
وقال [ الموبقات ] : المهلكات.
. 63- Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: You indulge in (bad) actions which are more insignificant to you than a hair while we considered them at the time of Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to be great destroying sins".
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: The less fear of Allah, one has the more disobedient he becomes to Him. As the fear of Allah decreases, one becomes more bold in committing sins. As the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were intensely fearful of Allah, they were afraid of committing even very minor sins.
64 - الخامس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن الله تعالى يغار وغيرة الله أن يأتي المرء ما حرم الله عليه ] متفق عليه
و [ الغيرة ] بفتح الغين وأصلها الأنفة.
. 64- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, 'Verily, 'Allah, the Exalted, becomes angry, and His Anger is provoked when a person does what Allah has declared unlawful".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: Commitment of unlawful acts calls for the displeasure and Wrath of Allah.
65 - السادس عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أنه سمع النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ إن ثلاثة من بني إسرائيل أبرص وأقرع وأعمى أراد الله أن يبتليهم فبعث إليهم ملكا . فأتى الأبرص فقال : أي شيء أحب إليك ؟ قال : لون حسن وجلد حسن ويذهب عني الذي قد قذرني الناس . فمسحه فذهب عنه قذره وأعطي لونا حسنا وجلدا حسنا . قال : فأي المال أحب إليك ؟ قال : الإبل أو قال البقر . ( شك الراوي ) فأعطي ناقة عشراء فقال بارك الله لك فيها
فأتى الأقرع فقال : أي شيء أحب إليك ؟ قال : شعر حسن ويذهب عني هذا الذي قذرني الناس . فمسحه فذهب عنه وأعطي شعرا حسنا . قال : فأي المال أحب إليك ؟ قال : البقر فأعطي بقرة حاملا قال بارك الله لك فيها
فأتى الأعمى فقال : أي شيء أحب إليك ؟ قال : أن يرد الله إلي بصري فأبصر الناس . فمسحه فرد الله إليه بصره . قال : فأي المال أحب إليك ؟ قال : الغنم . فأعطي شاة والدا . فأنتج هذان وولد هذا فكان لهذا واد من الإبل ولهذا واد من البقر ولهذا واد من الغنم . ثم إنه أتى الأبرص في صورته وهيئته فقال : رجل مسكين قد انقطعت بي الحبال في سفري فلا بلاغ لي اليوم إلا بالله ثم بك أسألك بالذي أعطاك اللون الحسن والجلد الحسن والمال بعيرا أتبلغ به في سفري . فقال : الحقوق كثيرة . فقال : كأني أعرفك : ألم تكن أبرص يقذرك الناس فقيرا فأعطاك الله ؟ فقال : إنما ورثت هذا المال كابرا عن كابر . فقال : إن كنت كاذبا فصيرك الله إلى ما كنت . وأتى الأقرع في صورته وهيئته فقال له مثل ما قال لهذا ورد عليه مثل ما رد هذا . فقال : إن كنت كاذبا فصيرك الله إلى ما كنت
وأتى الأعمى في صورته وهيئته فقال : رجل مسكين وابن سبيل انقطعت بي الحبال في سفري فلا بلاغ لي اليوم إلا بالله ثم بك أسألك بالذي رد عليك بصرك شاة أتبلغ بها في سفري . فقال : قد كنت أعمى فرد الله إلي بصري فخذ ما شئت ودع ما شئت فوالله لا أجهدك اليوم بشيء أخذته لله عز و جل . فقال : أمسك مالك فإنما ابتليتم فقد رضي عنك وسخط على صاحبيك ] متفق عليه
و [ الناقة العشراء ] بضم العين وفتح الشين وبالمد وهي : الحامل
قوله [ أنتج ] وفي رواية [ فنتج ] معناه : تولى نتاجها . والناتج للناقة كالقابلة للمرأة
وقوله [ ولد هذا ] هو بتشديد اللام : أي : تولى ولادتها . وهو بمعنى أنتج في الناقة . فالمولد والناتج والقابلة بمعنى لكن هذا للحيوان وذاك لغيره
قوله [ انقطعت بي الحبال ] هو بالحاء المهملة والباء الموحدة : أي الأسباب
وقوله [ لا أجهدك ] معناه : لا أشق عليك في رد شيء تأخذه أو تطلبه من مالي . وفي رواية البخاري [ لا أحمدك ] بالحاء المهملة والميم ومعناه : لا أحمدك بترك شيء تحتاج إليه كما قالوا : ليس على طول الحياة ندم : أي على فوات طولها
. 65- 65- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said that: He heard the Prophet (PBUH) said: "There were three men among the Banu Israel, one leper, one bald and one blind. Allah wanted to test them. He therefore, sent to them an angel who came to the leper and asked him what he would like best. He replied: "A good colour, a good skin and to be rid of what makes me loathsome to people". He (the angel) rubbed him and his loathsomeness vanished and he was given a good colour and a good skin. He then asked him what type of property he would like best. The leper replied that he would like camels - [or perhaps he said cattle, for Ishaq (one of the subnarrator of the Hadith) was uncertain, either said: 'Camels,' or: 'Cattle']. He was given a pregnant she-camel. The angel invoked for Allah's Blessing on it. The angel then went to the bald man and asked him what he would like best and he replied: "Good hair and to be rid of what makes me loathsome to people". The angel ran his hand over him and he was given good hair. He then asked him what property he would like best. He replied that he would like cattle, so he was given a pregnant cow. The angel invoked Allah's Blessing on it. The angel then went to the blind man and asked him what he would like best, and he replied: "I wish that Allah restore my sight to me so that I may see people.'' Thereupon the angel ran his hand over him and Allah restored his sight. The angel then asked what property he would like best. He replied that he would like sheep, so he was given a pregnant ewe. Flocks and herds were produced for the three men, the first having a valley full of camels, the second one, a valley full of cows and the third one full of sheep. Then the angel came in the form of a leper, to the one who had been a leper, and said: "I am a poor man and my resources have been exhausted in my journey, and my only means of reaching my destination are dependent on Allah and then on you, so I ask you by Him Who gave you the good colour, the good skin and the property, for a camel by which I may get to my destination". He replied: "I have many dues to pay.'' The angel then said: "I think I recognize you. Were you not a leper whom people found loathsome and a poor man to whom Allah gave property?'' He replied: "I inherited this property through generations". The angel said: "If you are telling a lie, may Allah return you to your former condition". The angel went in the form of a bald man to the one who had been bald, and said the same as he had said to the former and received a similar reply. So he said: "If you are telling a lie, may Allah return you to your former condition". The angel then went to the one who had been blind and said: "I am a poor traveller and my resources have been exhausted in my journey. My only means of reaching my destination are dependant on Allah and then on you, so I ask you by Him Who restored your eyesight for a sheep by which I may get to the end of my journey". He replied: "Yes, I was blind. Allah restored my eyesight, so take what you wish and leave what you wish. I swear by Allah that I shall not argue with you today to return anything you take, as I give it for Allah's sake". The angel said: "Keep your property. You have all simply been put to a test, and Allah is pleased with you and displeased with both of your companions".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith tells us that abundance of property and wealth is also a trial. He alone succeeds in this trial who in the midst of his riches does not forget about Allah's Status and his own status. Rather than becoming proud of his wealth, he takes pleasure in spending it in fulfilling the needs of people and expresses gratitude to Him in practical terms. Those who take an opposite course are regarded unsuccessful because on account of their wrong attitude, they tend to falsehood, pride and miserliness which cause the displeasure of Allah..
66 - السابع عن أبي يعلى شداد بن أوس رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ الكيس من دان نفسه وعمل لما بعد الموت والعاجز من أتبع نفسه هواها وتمنى على الله ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
قال الترمذي وغيره من العلماء : معنى [ دان نفسه ] : حاسبها.
. 66- 66- Shaddad bin Aus (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "A wise man is the one who calls himself to account (and refrains from doing evil deeds) and does noble deeds to benefit him after death; and the foolish person is the one who subdues himself to his temptations and desires and seeks from Allah the fulfillment of his vain desires".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith highlights the importance of the accountability of one's self. Mere desires which are not coupled with practical efforts are of no avail because Allah grants reward on good deeds and not on yearnings and desires which are not supported by noble actions.
67 - الثامن عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ من حسن إسلام المرء تركه ما لا يعنيه ] حديث حسن رواه الترمذي وغيره.
. 67- 67- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "It is from the excellence of (a believer's) Islam that he should shun that which is of no concern to him".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith lays down a very important principle that one should avoid senseless talk and actions. If one acts upon this principle, he can save himself from many sins and evils.
68 - التاسع عن عمر رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ لا يسأل الرجل فيم ضرب امرأته ] رواه أبو داود وغيره .
68. `68- Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "No man shall be asked for the reason of beating his wife".
[Abu Dawud].
Commentary: This Hadith is also reported by Ibn Majah and Ahmad. Sheikh Al-Albani* has classified this Hadith as `weak' since its narration is not authenticated, therefore its contents are also not valid. Islam has not given the husbands absolute right over their wives and that they will not be questioned in the Hereafter or that they should not be questioned for their action and misbehaviour with the wives. On the contrary, Islam has stressed upon them to be lenient and tender in relation with wives; and this means that they will be taken to task for any wrong and injustice done by them to their wives.
* Sh. Al-Albani is the leading authority in the science of Hadith.
6 - باب التقوى.
Piety
قال الله تعالى ( آل عمران 102 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته }
وقال تعالى ( التغابن 16 ) : { فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم }
وهذه الآية مبينة للمراد من الأولى
وقال الله تعالى ( الأحزاب 70 ) : { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وقولوا قولا سديدا }
والآيات في الأمر بالتقوى كثيرة معروفة
وقال تعالى ( الطلاق 2 ، 3 ) : { ومن يتق الله يجعل له مخرجا ويرزقه من حيث لا يحتسب }
وقال تعالى ( الأنفال 29 ) : { إن تتقوا الله يجعل لكم فرقانا ويكفر عنكم سيئاتكم . ويغفر لكم والله ذو الفضل العظيم }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة.
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"O you who believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared". (3:102)
"So, keep your duty to Allah and fear Him as much as you can...'' (64:16)
This second Verse explains the meaning of the first one.
"O you who believe! Keep your duty to Allah and fear Him, and speak (always) the truth". (33:70)
"... And whosoever fears Allah and keeps his duty to Him, He will make a way for him to get out (from every difficulty). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine...'' (65:2,3)
"If you obey and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan [(a criterion to judge between right and wrong), or (Makhraj, i.e., a way for you to get out from every difficulty)], and will expiate for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is the Owner of the great bounty". (8:29)
69 - وأما الأحاديث : فالأول عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قيل : يا رسول الله من أكرم الناس ؟ قال : [ أتقاهم ] فقالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فيوسف نبي الله بن نبي الله بن نبي الله بن خليل الله ] قالوا : ليس عن هذا نسألك . قال : [ فعن معادن العرب تسألوني ؟ خيارهم في الجاهلية خيارهم في الإسلام إذا فقهوا ] متفق عليه
و [ فقهوا ] بضم القاف على المشهور وحكي كسرها : أي علموا أحكام الشرع.
. 69- Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: It was asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Who is the most honourable amongst mankind?'' He (PBUH) said, "The most honourable of them is one who is the most pious of them.'' They said, "We are not asking about this". He said, "Then, the most honourable of men was Yusuf (Joseph), the Prophet of Allah, the son of Allah's Prophet, who was the son of the Prophet of Allah, who was the son of the Khalil of Allah (i.e., Ibrahim (PBUH))' They said, "We are not asking you about this.'' He enquired, "Are you then asking me about the classes of the Arabs? The best of them in the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance are the best of them in Islam, provided they comprehend the religious knowledge".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: We come to know from this Hadith that the families which enjoyed popularity and prestige for their eminent qualities (like generosity, chivalry, honesty, etc.) in the pre-Islamic period were also credited for these values after their acceptance of Islam. But now their respect was qualified with their religious knowledge and practice. Their capabilities, self-respect and other qualities were turned towards a different direction. These qualities which were previously used for paganism were now devoted for Islam.
70 - الثاني عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إن
الدنيا حلوة خضرة وإن الله مستخلفكم فيها فينظر كيف تعملون فاتقوا الدنيا واتقوا النساء فإن أول فتنة بني إسرائيل كانت في النساء ] رواه مسلم.
. 70- Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "The life of the world is sweet and green. Allah makes you generations succeeding one another so that He may try you in respect of your actions. So beware of the beguilements of the world and those of women. The first trial of Banu Israel was through women".
[Muslim].
Commentary: Wealth and property of this world are favourites of everyone like the fresh fruit which is sweet, delicious and attractive for all. Everyone likes them and is attracted towards them. The most delicious fruit of this world is woman but at the same time it is the most baneful. One who inclines towards wealth and women and ignores the Islamic legal injunctions, has at stake both his Deen and Faith; and one who benefits from them keeping oneself within the bounds of Islam, would be safe from their ruinous effects.
71 - الثالث عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم كان يقول : [ اللهم إني أسألك الهدى والتقى والعفاف والغنى ] رواه مسلم.
. `71- Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (PBUH) used to say: "Allahumma inni as'alukal-huda wat-tuqa wal-`afafa wal-ghina (O Allah! I ask You for guidance, piety, chastity and self-sufficiency)".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith contains four words, the meanings and implications of which constitute its essence. These words are guidance, piety (fear of Allah), chastity and sufficiency. Guidance here means guidance at every turn of life and steadfastness on the path of truth. Fear of Allah is the greatest means of piety and strongest defense against sins. Chastity is the state of being free from what is unlawful. Self-sufficiency is the antonym of poverty and here it means the self-contentment. What it implies is that one should not care for what people possess. In view of all these qualities, the prayer of the Prophet (PBUH) mentioned in this Hadith is very comprehensive and valuable.
72 - الرابع عن أبي طريف عدي بن حاتم الطائي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ من حلف على يمين ثم رأى أتقى لله منها فليأت التقوى ] رواه مسلم .
. `72- Adi bin Hatim At-Ta'i (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) say: "He who has taken an oath (to do something) but found something else better than that (which brings him closer to Allah), then he should do that which is better in piety (and he should expiate for the breaking of oath)".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith emphasizes the importance of having the fear of Allah. So much so that if somebody has made a vow to commit some sin he should break it, arrange for its expiation and keep himself away from that sin or any other act that contravenes the fear of Allah.
73 - الخامس عن أبي أمامة صدي بن عجلان الباهلي رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يخطب في حجة الوداع فقال : [ اتقوا الله وصلوا خمسكم وصوموا شهركم وأدوا زكاة أموالكم وأطيعوا أمراءكم تدخلوا جنة ربكم ] رواه الترمذي في آخر كتاب الصلاة وقال حديث حسن صحيح.
. 73- Abu Umamah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard Messenger of Allah (PBUH) during the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage saying, "Be mindful of your duty to Allah; perform your five daily Salat, observe Saum during the month (of Ramadan) , pay the Zakat on your properties and obey your leaders; (if you do so) you will enter the Jannah of your Rubb".
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: The word Wada`, means to say farewell. The Farewell Pilgrimage was the last pilgrimage, the Prophet (PBUH) performed, and on this occasion he bade farewell to the people and for this reason it came to be known as Hajjat-ul-Wada`. Obedience of the rulers is stressed but it is conditional, that is to say, they are to be obeyed only if their orders are not against the injunctions of Allah. Similarly, their obedience is obligatory till such time that they do not do anything which amounts to open disbelief. If any of these two things occurs, then no obedience would be due to them
الحمد لله رب العالمين
أبو همام اللغبي