Intoduction To Literature

INTODUCTION TO LITERATURE

What is literature ?

It has two meanings ….

The old meaning is : any written form …. like letters because there is not much written forms before.

Contemporary meaning :



fictional (imagine)
poems - novels - short stories
nonfictional
essay real story biographies outopiographies







Literature related with beauty Fiction is : A genres of literature .
Novel : very long story .
Novella : A littlepit shorter than novel .
Anecdote : A short didactic story .
Fable : A story that does not have human .

FICTION

Basic Elements Of Fiction :
1. Plot : (The events of the story ) it is the arrangment of actions
taking place in the story and it consist of : exposition , rising action
climax , falling action , resolusion.

Plot




exposition rising climax falling resolution
action action


Exposition : The part of the plot shown important events , characters
and themes . ( not always shown in the 1st paraghraph ) .

Rising action : The sequence of events that makes the situation more complicated and lead to the climax .

Climax : The highest point of intrest or intensity >> when the story
becomes very intrest and intensity it means that is the climax .

Falling action :changes in the story that help resolving the conflict .
:36_4_12::36_4_12::36_4_12:
Resolution : the end of story .

Plot StructureTypes of linear plot :
1. Chronological order ( start in the beginning of the time until the end).
2. Flash Back ( starg in the end ).
لاتنسوني من خالص دعائكم

3. In the Mdia Resc ( start in the middle of things ) .

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
What is the conflict ?
It is a struggle between two powers / forces and there are several
kinds/types of conflict .

Types of conflict :
1. Internal conflict ( man against him self )

2. external conflict ( man against man )
( man against society )
( man against nature )



1. Character : Representation of a person in a work of art .

a. protagonist: The main character in a story . can be flat
b. antagonist: The 2nd character in a story . or round

Flat Character : a simple character that doesn’t change and has one
sided personality .

Round Character : a character that goes through changes and has
a complex personality including mixed emotions and conflicting motives
and loyalities .
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2. Sitting : Place and time in a work of art which reflect social
background , mod of the work .

3. Point of view :
1st person point of view the narrator who participates in
the story and relates/tells the events of the story from his own point
of view.

3rd person point of view 3rd person objective .
3rd person omniscent .
3rd person limited .


* Objective means: A narrator who relates / tells the events with no additional comments and doesn't get into the minds of the characters.

* Omniscient means: A narrator who sees everyone and every thing not only out side but also inside the minds of the characters.

* Limited point of view means : A narrator who knows about some of the events and can get into the minds of some of the characters.




Irony means :
1. verbal : when you say something and you mean the opposite .

2. irony of situation : it is contrasting between what is expected to happen and what realy happened.




4. Style,tone, and language :(attitude of the Author/narrator ) or ( the voice of the Author )
formal , informal , imaginative, simple , serious , straight forward
hard , judgmenal tense …. etc .

5. Theme : A main idea or a unifying subject in a work of art .


6. Symbolism , allegary , and image :
Image : sensory impression used to create meaning or feeling in a story.

1. visual imagery images of sight .
2. audio\ oral imagery images of hearing .
3. olfactory imagery images of smell.
4. tactile imagery images of taste.

لاتنسوني من خالص دعائكم

I really don't know what to say
You are such a sweet person
Thanks for your efforts my dear Manal

بارك الله فيك وجزاك الله كل خير

جزاك الله كل خير عن كل حرف كتبتيه وجعله في موازين حسانتك يارب ,,,

والله ردوك ومواضيعك كلها فايدة ,, وهذا اللي لاحظته ,,, الله يزيدك ,,

تسلمون كلكم ذوق ما قصرتوا