تبسيط قواعد ميجا جول 4 المعلمة فاطمه المقرفي

تبسيط قواعد منهج ثاني ثانوي المطور ( Mega goal 4 )
اعداد المعلمة \ فاطمه المقرفي الطالبات \ لمياء عبدالعزيز – بسمه شروق – تغريد وليد
الثانوية السادسة بابها



* Adjective Order الصفات المرتبة
عندما نستخدم اكثر من صفة قبل الاسم ,لابد ان تاتي الصفات مرتبة على حسب الترتيب الصحيح .
When you use more than one adjective before a noun, the adjectives go in a certain order.
The order is determined by category. Adjectives usually follow this order:
Material
مواد او

خامات Nationality

الجنسية Color

اللون Age

العمر Size/ shape
الحجم او الشكل Opinion
رأي أو وجهة نظر
Glass Saudi Arabia Red Young Large Expensive
Wooden British turquoise Ancient Round Difficult
مثال The beautiful, old, stone house has been put up for sale. Note: Usually, only one to three adjectives are used to modify a noun at a time.
ملحوظة \ عادة نستخدم صفة او اكثر لوصف الاسم في نفس الوقت .
* Too جدا and Enough كافي
حالات استخدامها ( too)
Too can be placed before adjectives and adverbs.تستخدم قبل الصفات و الاحوال

She can’t reach the shelf. She’s too short. مثال
You’re talking too loudly. I can’t hear the news.
( enough ) حالات استخدامها

Enough can be placed after adjectives and adverbs. تستخدم بعد الصفات والاحوال

She can reach the shelf. She’s tall enough. مثال
You’re talking loudly enough. Everyone can hear you.

Enough can be placed before nouns.تستخدم قبل الاسماء
They should buy their own home. They have enough money. مثال
شبة الجملة او عبارة too \ enough } { تتبع مصدر الفعل to +infinitive
A phrase with too or enough can be followed by an infinitive phrase.
You’re too sick to leave the house today. مثال
You’re not well enough to go to work today. مثال

* Gerunds as Subjects ( verb + ing مصدر من فعل (
ياتي مصدر الفعل او عبارة مصدر الفعل في بداية الجملة محل الفاعل .
A gerund or a gerund phrase can be the subject of a sentence.

Swimming uses more muscles of the body than almost any other form of exercise. مثال
Watching sports isn’t nearly as fun as playing them. مثال لعبارة المصدر Not تستخدم قبل المصدر للنفي
Make a gerund or gerund phrase negative by putting not before it.

Not exercising is a sure way to gain weight. مثال
Not warming up before you exercise can lead to injuries. مثال
ملحوظة \ الفعل بعد المصدر يكون مفرد Verb + s

Note t hat a gerund subject takes a singular verb.
مثال Getting in shape takes time and effort.

* Superlative + Present Perfect صيغة التفضيل ( الصفات ) + المضارع التام
يستخدم بعد صيغة التفضيل للصفات Have + v (past participle ) التصريف الثالث للفعل
The present perfect can be used after a superlative.

This is the most exciting sporting event I’ve been to in a long time. مثال
Who is the best football player you’ve ever seen? مثال

* Past and Present Participial Adjectives ماضي ومضارع التصريف الثالث في محل صفه
The past participle and the present participle forms of a verb can be used as adjectives.
Past participles generally end in -ed (but can also end in -d, -t, -en, or -n) and describe how someone feels. ينهي التصريف الثالث للفعل الماضي - - ed \ - d \ - t \ -en \ - n
The mice were frightened of the cat. مثال
Present participles always end in -ing and describe what causes the feeling. يتنهي الفعل المضارع التصرف verb + ing
The cat was frightening. مثال
Participial adjectives can appear after be or in front of nouns. الصفات المصرفة تاتي بعد verb ( be ) او قبل الاسم
My grandfather’s stories about his childhood are amusing. مثال
My grandfather tells amusing stories about his childhood . مثال
Past participial ;.
تكملة الجملة اسم المفعول (ed) الفعل الفاعل
Subject + Verb be+ Participial (ed) + Noun.

He + was + Loved + child.


اسم المفعول المضارع:
Present Participial:-
اسم المفعول مع (ing) الفعل الفاعل
Subject + Verb be + Participial (ing).

The book + was + exciting.



* Get + Adjective; Get + Past Participle
Get before an adjective or past participle suggests that something is changing or starting to happen. معناها Get

Get can be followed by an adjective. Get تتبع بصفه
The grasshopper and the snail got impatient waiting for the centipede. مثال
It’s almost time for me to give my presentation. I am getting nervous. مثال
Get can also be followed by a past participle which functions as an adjective. Get تتبع ب فعل ماضي التصريف الثالث
You should put on sunscreen. You’re getting sunburned. مثال
My mother gets worried if I’m not home by 10:00 مثال
ملحوظة \ get تتصرف على حسب موقعها في الجملة






* The...The Comparatives المقارنة adjective + - er
The…the is used with two comparatives to say that the first thing has an effect on the second. إذا كان شي الأول يؤثر في الأخر
The longer the telephone call, the bigger the telephone bill. مثال
The funnier the joke, the harder the audience laughs. مثال

* Phrasal Verbs فعل + حرف جر
A phrasal verb is made up of a verb + a particle. A particle is a word that is used as an adverb or a preposition. The particle gives the verb a different meaning.

One verb can be combined with different particles to create different meanings.
الفعل الواحد ممكن أن يتصل بأحرف جر مختلفة ويكون لها معاني مختلفة
Didn’t you like the dinner? You only picked at it. معناها (pick at = eat without enthusiasm) مثال
My sister picks on me for being a vegetarian. (pick on = tease) مثال

* Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal Verbs
باسم أو ضمير منفصلة \ وغير منفصلة
Some phrasal verbs are nonseparable. The noun or pronoun always follows the particle. بغض الأفعال مستحيل تنفصل ب اسم او ضمير
I ran into Janet at the supermarket. (NOT: I ran Janet into at the supermarket.) مثال
I ran into her. (NOT: I ran her into.) مثال
الأفعال التي لانفصل باسم او ضمير
Call for Come from Look into Tire of
Come across Go on Run into Turn out

Many phrasal verbs are separable. الافعال التي تنفصل باسم او ضمير
A noun object can come after the particle. S + v+ particle + noun
The chef cut up the steak into small pieces. مثال
S + V + noun + particle
A noun object can come in between the verb and the particle.
The chef cut the steak up into small pieces. مثال
If a pronoun object is used, it must come between the verb and the
particle. S + V + pronoun + particle
The chef cut it up into small pieces. مثال
الافعال التي تنفصل باسم او ضمير
burn off point out
talk over turn down cut up
put on tell apart turn into figure out send back
think over wake up fit in take off throw away
whip up give up take out throw out


* Three-Word Phrasal Verbs الأفعال المكونة من ثلاث كلمات
a verb + a particle + a preposition
Three-word phrasal verbs consist of a verb + a particle + a preposition. Three-word phrasal verbs are nonseparable. The noun or pronoun always comes after the phrasal verb. الأفعال المكونة من ثلاث كلمات لاتنفصل باسم أو ضمير . يأتي الاسم أو الضمير بعدها في الجملة
S + V+ particle + preposition + noun or ( pronoun )

The doctor says you must cut down on sugar. مثال
الأفعال التي تتكون من ثلاث كلمات لاتنفصل
catch up on drop out of get along with look forward to come down with
feel up to get rid of make do with come up with get away with
load up on run out of cut down on get down to look down on
take care of

*Passive Modals ( modals ) مبني للمجهول جملة
Passive modals follow this structure: modal + be + past participle.
Can
O + Will + be + V ( past participle ) التصريف الثالث للفعل
May
Should
Have to
Must

Active Modal مبني للمعلوم Passive Modal مبني للمجهول
They will release the tiger into the wild
مثال The tiger will be released into the wild مثال
You can train a parrot to talk. مثال Parrots can be trained to talk. مثال

*The Passive with Reporting Verbs جملة المبني للمجهول مع الافعال الغير مباشرة
We often use the passive with reporting verbs when we want to talk about what people say or believe, but the identity of the people isn’t known or isn’t important. معناها
حالات الجمل
1) It + passive reporting verb + that + clause ترتيب الجملة
It is said that she is the leading expert on gorilla communication. مثال
(People say that she is the leading expert on gorilla communication.)


المثال الثاني
It is believed that dolphins are the most intelligent of animals.
(People believe that dolphins are the most intelligent of animals.)
حالة الجملة الثانيه
2) Subject + passive reporting verb + to + infinitive (or perfect infinitive)
S + v (be ) + passive reporting verb + to + infinitive of verb مصدر الفعل
She is said to be the leading expert on gorilla communication. مثال
Dolpins are believed to be the most intelligent of animals.
) مع جملة زمن المضارع to + فعل في المصدر )
With present tense sentences, the passive reporting verb is followed by a present infinitive.
The cat is thought to be lost.


مع جملة الزمن الماضي ( to + have + v ( past participle ) التصريف الثالث للفعل
With past tense sentences, the passive reporting verb is followed by
the perfect infinitive.
The cat was thought to have been lost sometime last week.

Reporting verbs that can be used in the passive include: الافعال الغير مباشرة التي تستخدم مع المبني للمجهول
Believe claim estimate Feel
Say calculate consider Expect
Hope think

*Present Hypothetical Conditionals versus Past Hypothetical Conditionals المضارع والماضي من الحالة الفرضية
We use present hypothetical conditionals to talk about imaginary situations. تستخدم للتعبير عن مواقف خيالية الفرضية في المضارع The simple past tense الماضي البسيط
is used in the if-clause. Would, could, or might is used in the result clause.
If + V ( past simple ) , S + would \ could \ might + infinitive of verb فعل بدون تصريف
If you asked me my opinion, I would tell you the truth. مثال
If we knew where she lived, we could send her flowers. مثال

We use past hypothetical conditionals to talk about things that did not happen in the past. الفرضية في الماضي ( معناها )
They are often used to express regret or criticism. The past perfect is used in the if-clause.
Would have, could have, or might have is used in the result clause.
If + past perfect ( had + v3 ) , S + would have
Could have + V ( past participle )
Might have

If I had tutored him, he might have passed the test. مثال
(But I didn’t tutor him, so he didn’t pass the test.)


*Implied Conditionals
بعض الاحيان تاتي النتيجة قبل الجملة الشرطية
S + would + infinitive + if +S + V past simple
S +would + have + v past participle + if + s+ had +V past participle
Sometimes the if-clause is implied rather than stated directly.
We would have helped you. (if you had asked us) مثال
What would I do without you? (if you weren’t here)مثال




*As If / As Though for Unreal Situations
We can use as if and as though + a past or past perfect verb to suggest that something is unreal or untrue.
S+ V+ as if
as though + v ( past simple ) or ( had + v(past participle )
He talks as if he were an expert in the field. مثال
They act as though they had not cheated on the test.مثال

ملحوظة \
I
She + were
He
It

Note: Either was or were can be used with the subjects I, he, she, or it. However, were is considered more formal and generally used in writing.

مع تمنياتي لكن بالتوفيق والنجاح فاطمة المقرفي

اتمنى ان يستفيد الجميع من هذا العمل البسيط طبعا الافعال وتقسيمت الصفات كانت مكتوبة في جدول ولكن لم يدرج

يا شيخه الله بسعدك
و شكرا الف شكرا على المجهود الرائع و فعلا متعوب عليه

جزاك الله خيرا
جعله في ميزان حسناتك

جدا را ئع

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الله يجزاك خير

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ثاااااااااااااانكس

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ألف شكر عالمجهود الرائع

الله يسعدك على المجهود الرائع
شكراً لك :smile (35):

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شكرا تسلم الايادي

جعله الله في موازين حسناتك��

جزاك الله خيرا

الله يرزقك الجنة ياااارب

Thank you so much

جزاك الله الجنة ووالديك

بيض الله وجهك وجزاك الله خير وبارك الله فيك

بيض الله وجهك وجعله في ميزان حسناتك وجزاك الله الجنة مجهود تشكرين عليه

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