Most nouns form the plural by adding -s or -es
Examples
Singular Plural
boat boats
hat hats
house houses
river rivers
A noun ending in -y preceded by a consonant makes the plural with -ies
Examples
Singular Plural
a cry cries
a fly flies
a nappy nappies
a poppy poppies
a city cities
a lady ladies
a baby babies
There are some irregular formations for noun plurals. Some of the most common ones are listed below
Examples of irregular plurals
Singular Plural
woman women
man men
child children
tooth teeth
foot feet
person people
leaf leaves
half halves
knife knives
wife wives
life lives
loaf loaves
potato potatoes
cactus cacti
focus foci
fungus fungi
nucleus nuclei
syllabus syllabi/syllabuses
analysis analyses
diagnosis diagnoses
oasis oases
thesis theses
crisis crises
phenomenon phenomena
criterion criteria
datum data
Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural
Examples
Singular Plural
sheep sheep
fish fish
species species
aircraft aircraft
Some nouns have a plural form but take a singular verb
Examples
news The news is on at 6.30 p.m •
athletics Athletics is good for young people •
linguistics Linguistics is the study of language •
darts Darts is a popular game in England •
billiards Billiards is played all over the world •
Some nouns have a plural form and take a plural verb.
Examples
trousers My trousers are too tight •
jeans Her jeans are black •
glasses Those glasses are his •
others include:
savings, thanks, steps, stair, customs, congratulations, tropics, wages, spectacles,
outskirts, goods, wits
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