تكفون طلبتكم . . ممكن تساعدوني يا شباب بحل ذا Make-up Assignment

**طالب إنتساب E** · 23-05-2013, 01:07 PM

A City That’s Doing Something Right

A There’s good news and bad news about life in modern cities- first, the bad. People who study population growth predict a nightmare by the year 2025: the global population will be more than eight billion, and almost four billion of these people will be living in developing countries such as India and Nigeria. Population growth is already causing unbelievable overcrowding. Due to this overcrowding, many cities have problems with air pollution, disease and crime. People spend hours in gridlock- that is, traffic so horrible that it simply doesn’t move- when they commute daily from their homes to their work and back. There isn’t enough water, transportation, or housing. Many people don’t have excess to health services or jobs. Now the good news: in some cities, instead of worsening, urban life is actually getting much better.

A City and Its mayor
B It might not be a surprise to find that life in affluent cities is improving. But what about cities that aren’t rich. The city of Curitiba, Brazil proves that it’s possible even for a city in a developing country to offer a good life to its residents. The former mayor of Curitiba for 25 years, Jaime Learner is an architect and a very practical person. Under his leadership, the city planners established a list of priorities- in other words, a list of what was most important to work on. They decided to focus on the environment and the quality of life. With an average income of about 2000 US dollars per person per year, Curitiba has the same problems as many cities. However, it also has some creative solutions.

Garbage Collection
C One creative solution is the method of garbage collection- Cambio Verde, or Green Exchange. This does far more than clean the streets of trash. In neighborhoods that garbage trucks can’t reach, poor people bring bags of trash to special centers. At these centers, they exchange the trash for fresh produce such as potatoes and oranges. They receive one kilo of producw for every four kilos of trash that they bring in. At a recycling plant, workers separate glass bottles, plastic, and cans from other trash. Two thirds of Curitiba’s garbage is recycled, which is good for the environment. And the plant gives jobs to the poorest people which improve their lives.

Transportation
D Due to careful planning, Curitiba doesn’t have the same traffic problems that most cities have. The statistics are surprising. The population has grown fast, to over two million people, but traffic has actually decreased 30 percent. Curitiba needed a mass-transit system. It couldn’t afford an expensive subway. City planners introduced an unusual system of buses with a forty long glass tube at every bus stop which has reduced the number of private car users. The people get on and off the bus quickly and efficiently. People don’t crowd onto the bus; loading and unloading takes only 30 seconds. This makes commuting more pleasant and also helps to solve the problem of air pollution.

The Environment
E Curitiba provides the city people with 22 million square meters of parks and green areas- more than three times the amount that the World Health Organization recommends for urban dwellers. Thus, the example of Curitiba provides hope that careful planning and creative thinking can lead to solutions to many urban problems.

Q 1: Figure out the meanings of the underlined words and write them on the lines.

a. People who study population growth predict a nightmare by the year 2025: the global population will be more than eight billion, and almost four billion of these people will be living in developing countries such as India and Nigeria.

Predict: Divine

b. People spend hours in gridlock- that is, traffic so horrible that it simply doesn’t move- when they daily from their homes to their work and back.

Gridlock: __________________________________________________ _____________

c. It might not be a surprise to find that life in affluent cities is improving. But what about cities that aren’t rich.

Affluent: __________________________________________________ ______________

d. Under his leadership, the city planers established a list of priorities- in other words, a list of what was most important to work on.

Priorities: __________________________________________________ _____________

e. In a number of countries , education is both compulsory- required- and universal, available to everyone, at least in primary school (elementary school)

Compulsory:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q 2: What does each pronoun bold faced in the passage refer to?

a. His (Paragraph B)………………………………………… ..
b. They (Paragraph B)………………………………………..
c. They (Paragraph C)………………………………………..
d. This ( Paragraph D)………………………………………..
e. It ( Paragraph D)………………………………………… .

Q 3: Write the answer of the following questions:

a. What is population growth causing?
…………………………………………� �……………………………………..
b. Where do people spend hours?
…………………………………………� �…………………………………….
c. What is Jaime Lerner?
…………………………………………� �……………………………………
d. What did the city planners decide to focus on?
…………………………………………� �……………………………………
e. What is the creative solution that Curitiba has?
…………………………………………� �……………………………………

Q 4: Write whether the following statements are true or false.
a. India is a developed country. ………………..
b. By the year 2025, eight billion people will be living in developing countries. ………..
c. The average income of the people of Curitiba is 2,000 dollars per person. …………...
d. Green exchange is a method of garbage collection. ………..
e. Careful planning and creative thinking can lead to solutions to many urban problems. ……….