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Validity
A test is valid when it measures what it’s supposed to.
How valid a test is depends on its purpose—for example, a ruler may be a valid measuring device for length, but isn’t very valid for measuring volume. If a test is reliable, it yields consistent results. A test can be both reliable and valid, one or the other, or neither. Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity.
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Types of Measurement Validity:
Face validity: Does it appear to measure what it’s supposed to measure?
There would be low face validity when the researcher is disguising intentions.
Content Validity: Is the full content of a concept’s definition included in the measure? It includes a broad sample of what is being tested, emphasizes important material, and requires appropriate skills. A conceptual definition can be thought of as the ‘space” that contains ideas and concepts.
Criterion Validity: Is the measure consistent with what we already know and what we expect? Two subcategories: predictive and concurrent
Predictive validity: Predicts a known association between the construct you’re measuring and something else.
Concurrent validity: Associated with pre-existing indicators; something that already measures the same concept.
Construct Validity: Shows that the measure relates to a variety of other measures as specified in a theory. For example, if we’re using an Alcohol Abuse Inventory, even if there’s no way to measure “abuse” itself, we can predict that serious abuse correlates with health, family, and legal problems. Subcategory: discriminant validity
Discriminant Validity: Doesn’t associate with constructs that shouldn’t be related.
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