رد مع اقتباسسناء احمد
many thanks
keep it up
DP-movement the movement of DPs in
passive and raising structures. In both cases the DP is base-generated in a position where it cannot be assigned Case. In terms of the Case Filter it has to move to a position where it can be Case-marked.
dummy auxiliary a certain form of the auxiliary do, its main function is to support the tense morpheme when it cannot appear on the main verb
ECM
embedded clause a clause that is part of a larger constituent
(I know [that you like him], the man [that you like].
endocentric structure one that gets its properties from an element that it contains, this element can function by itself as a whole phrase. Such phrases have a head that determines their categorial nature. It is a requirement in X-bar theory that phrases be endocentric.
A noun projects a noun phrase, a verb a verb phrase etc.
ergative language a language where the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb have the same Case form.
ergative verb a verb that can appear in a VP either (a) with a single theme argument functioning as the subject of the clause
(The ship sank), similarly to unaccusative structures or (b) in the presence of a light verb together with an agentive subject
(They sank the ship), when the structure is similar to the structure of transitive verbs. As opposed to unaccusative verbs, ergative verbs cannot appear in the existential there construction (unless they are ambiguous between the two readings), and they are typically verbs expressing a change of state, like break, explode, grow.
Exceptional Case-marking (ECM) in the normal case the Case assigner and the constituent which is assigned Case are in the same clause. There are structures, however, where it is impossible, e. g. in I believe him to be disappointed. The embedded clause contains non-finite Inflection, which is not a Case assigner. The only option for the subject DP to be assigned Case is by an outside governor, hence the term, ECM. The verb believe is a potential Case assigner since it can also take a DP complement to which it assigns accusative
Case: I believe him.
exceptional clause clauses selected by exceptional verbs such as
believe.
What makes them exceptional is that the clauses introduced by them are not CPs as clauses in general are, but IPs. Evidence for this comes from ungrammatical structures like *I believe for him to be the best. It is the insertion of the prepositional complementiser that makes the sentence ungrammatical indicating that the position to host it (head of CP) is not projected, the clause is not a CP.
exceptional verb verbs selecting not a CP but an IP complement when their complement is clausal. The most typical representative is
believe, which is an exceptional verb when it takes an infinitival complement (when its clausal complement is finite, it is a full CP).
existential there-construction a structure where there is used as an expletive, introducing a nominal expression as in There were three girls waiting for me. In such structures the emphasis is on the existence (or non-existence) of the situation/the participants.
exocentric structure one that contains no element that can have the same function as the whole phrase, it appears to have properties that are independent from the elements it contains. E.g. small clauses for a long time were assumed to be exocentric structures.
experiencer one of the thematic or theta-roles where the argument experiences some physical or mental state, like
Mary in Mary was afraid of dogs. The experiencer theta-role is assigned in the specifier position of vP, similarly to the agent role. If both an agent and an experiencer argument are selected by the verb there are two vPs projected and the experiencer occupies the specifier position of the lower vP.
expletive subject a subject without reference, its presence is merely required by the EPP. Expletive subjects have no theta-roles but they do receive Case from finite Inflection. The expletives in the English language are there introducing nominal expressions as in There lived a cruel dragon in the forest and it introducing clauses as in
It occurred to me too late that he had not been invited. Both there and it have referential uses too!
extended projection a Verb Phrase has an extended projection into IP and CP in a clause. Similarly to it a noun phrase has an extended projection into DP which may further project into a PP.
external argument
the subject, occupying a position external to the verb, [Spec,IP]
extraposition a constituent (PP, CP) moved from the phrase where it belongs to a sentence final position:
The rumour t has been circulating [that we will have an oral exam this semester].
الف شكــــر
استغفرالله العظيم واتوب اليه
جزاك الله كل خير وبارك الله فيك
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
شكراً لك على هذه الكلمات الرائعة
يعطيك العافية على التميز الدائم ؟
جزاك الله كل خير وبارك الله فيك
الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الخلق محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين
اللهم صلِّ على سيدنا محمد و على آله وصحبه وسلم جزاك الله كل خير وبارك الله فيك جزاك الله كل خير وبارك الله فيك
ضوابط المشاركة
.
المفضلات