تلخيص قواعد 3/ث

[*جودي*]

Unit (1)
Lesson (6)
The Past Perfect Tense:
We use the past perfect tense when an action had happened in the past before another action.( past perfect- past simple)
I- Correct the verbs in these sentences:
1- The books (arrive), the conversation (take) place
After_____________________________________________ _____
2- Sam (leave) the hospital, I (arrive)
Before____________________________________________ _____

II- Change into passive:

Object Helping verb
(had) been V3 by Subject
1- Pip had helped the man, hadn't he?
__________________________________________________ ____
( In clauses):
2- After they had sent the man to Australia, he became very rich.
__________________________________________________ ____
3- After his sister had brought up Pip, he went to London.
__________________________________________________ ____


The Reported Speech:
* Present perfect past perfect
Have\ has had
* past simple past perfect
* Yes\ No questions: we use (( if )):
* Wh- questions: we use the same wh-word:
What what
Where where
A-( in sentences):
1 –The stories have been rewritten in easy English.
__________________________________________________ ________
2-Shakespeare wrote poems & plays.
__________________________________________________ ________
3-I have not been in the school library recently.
__________________________________________________ ________
B-(in questions):
1- Did Dickens write plays, too?
__________________________________________________ ________
2- Have Pip helped the man?
__________________________________________________ ________
3- Has Sara waited for her brother?


Unit (2) Lesson (3)
VERB


Transitive (vt) Intransitive (vi)
1- A verb which can be followed 1- A verb which can not be
By an object. Followed by an object.
2- A verb which can be used in 2- A verb which can not be
Passive. Used in passive.
__________________________________________________ _________
What kind of verbs are in these sentences:
1- He raises his hand. ( vt )
2- The sun rises. ( vi )
3- An animal ate the grass. ( vt )
4- Mary paused. ( vi )
5- Students go to school. ( vi )
6- Kamal saw his friends in the library. ( vt )
__________________________________________________ _________
Change into passive:
1- His sister brought up Pip. (vt )
Pip was brought up by his sister.
2- Coral got worried. ( vi )
__________________________________________________ ______
3- Ann breaks the window. ( vt )
The window is broken by Ann.
__________________________________________________ ______
Using commas with who, which & that:

1- I will tell you about the university which you can go to.
When we take out the clause which, the sentence doesn't have a complete meaning.
2- A pupil, who is in her last year at school, is discussing her career with he teacher.
When we take out the clause who the sentence still has a complete meaning.
Take out who, which or that if possible:
1- I thanked the man who helped me.
2- The book which is on the table is mine.
a- The book is mine.
b- The book, which is on the table, is mine.
3- The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good.
a- The movie wasn't very good.
b- The movie, that we saw last night, wasn't very good.
4- I liked the woman who I met her at the party last night.




Unit ( 2 ) Lesson ( 6 )
Use commas with who, which & that if possible:
1- Pupils who come to class late are not allowed in the classroom.
(without the who clause, the sentence has no meaning)
2- The part of the year which is cold is called winter.
3- Mr. Al-Nasser , who comes from Egypt , is an English teacher.
(we can take out the who clause & still understand the sentence)
5- KFUPM , which was founded in 1963 , is one of the smallest universities.
************************************************** ******
Shorten the passive clause after who, which & that:
1- KFUPM , which was founded in 1963, is one of the smallest universities.
KFUPM , founded in 1963, is one of the smallest universities.
2- KSU , which was established in 1957, has over 32,000 students.
KSU , established in 1957 , has over 32,000 students.
3- The people , who were come to the party , were very nice.
The people , come to the party , were very nice.
4- The meeting , that was gone to it , was interesting.
The meeting , gone to it , was interesting.
5- The man , who was talked to him , was very kind.
The man , talked to him , was very kind.
************************************************** ******
Verb- ing OR Verb (no ending):
Verb are followed by verb– ing:

Be keen on
Consider
Keep on
Think about
Verb + ing
Playing games

Verb (about to)is followed by verb (no ending):


About to Verb
Play games

Correct the verbs:
1- Ann considered (write) homework.
Ann considered writing homework.
2- Khaled is keen on (collect) stamps.
Kaled is keen on collecting stamps.
3- The manager keeps on (work) hard.
The manager keeps on working hard.
4- The students are thinking about (finish) a course.
The students are thinking about finishing a course.
5- The man is about to (drive) his car.
The man is about to drive his car.



Unit (3)
Lesson (3)
Past simple tense:
S V2
Ali ( write ) a letter.

1- Change the sentence into past tense.
Ali wrote a letter.

2-Make questions:
a- Who wrote a letter?
b- What did Ali write?
c- Did Ali write a letter?
d- Ali wrote a letter, didn’t he? Yes, he did.
************************************************** *******
While + the Past Continuous Tense + the Past Simple:

subject V2
Subject Helping verb Verb+ ing
was- were
While + the past simple


While I was visiting a friend in Riyadh, I went to the king Abdul Aziz Museum.
************************************************** *******
Correct the verbs in these sentences:

1- While the king (hold) his majlis, he recited a verse from the Qur'an.
While the king was holding his majlis, he recited a verse from the Qur'an.

2- While Ali (sleep), his father knocked the door.
While Ali was sleeping, his father knocked the door.

3- While they (play), the phone rang.
While they were playing, the phone rang.

4- While she was cleaning her room, she (find) her ring.
While she was cleaning her room, she found her ring.




Unit (4) Lesson (3)
Look at these two lists:
Some any every no
Body one something where
some somebody someone something somewhere
any anybody anyone anything anywhere
every everybody everyone everything everywhere
no nobody no one nothing Nowhere
We use (some) with affirmative sentences & questions which expect the answer yes.
We use (any) with negative sentences , questions in general & questions which expect the answer no.
In statement:
Choose the right word:
1- we had (some – any) books.
2- (Somebody – Anybody) was here.
3- He is (anywhere – somewhere).
In questions:
Choose the correct word:
1- Do you have (any- some) books?
2- Is (somebody- anybody) at home?
3- Is he (anywhere- somewhere) ?
In negative sentences:
Choose the right word:
1- We don't have (any- some) books.
2- I did not see (somebody- anybody).
3- He is not (anywhere- somewhere).
************************************************** ****************
Make questions:
1- Yes, I travel to Abha.
Do you travel somewhere?
2- Yes, she buys two dresses.
Does she buy something?
3- Yes, someone will open the window.
Will someone open the window?
4- Yes, Sam can lend me a pencil.
Can somebody lend me a pencil.
Make questions:
1- No, we go to a long journey.
Do you go somewhere?
2- No, she met the girl in the party.
Did she meet someone in the party?
3- No, the woman tastes the food?
Does the woman taste something?
4- No, he could reach any one on the phone.
Could he reach anyone on the phone?



Unit (4) Lesson (6)

If + past perfect , …….would have

If Past perfect ..would have
S had V3 S Would have V3




Correct the verb:
1- the boat (sink) , they (die)
If the boat had sunk , they would have died.
2- He (work) , he (success)
If he had worked, he would have succeed.

************************************************** ****************
Say if each sentences is fact or imagined:

1- Two Saudi scientists went to the Antarctic. They did some research. (fact)
2- If they hah not gone there, they would not have learned to ski. (imagined)
3- If they had not had a boat, they would not have sailed round Antarctica. (imagined)
4- The boat crashed into an iceberg & part of it was knocked off. (fact)

************************************************** ****************
Note:
If the fact sentence is negative the imagined sentence is positive
If the fact sentence is positive the imagined sentence is negative

Join the sentences with if:

Fact: The boat did not sink & they did not die.
Imagined: If the boat had sunk, they would have died.
1- The boat crashed into iceberg & part of it was knocked off.
If the boat had not crashed, part of it would not have been knocked off.
2- I watched TV program. I enjoyed it.
If I hadn't watched TV program, I wouldn't have enjoyed it.
3- Two Saudi scientists went to Antarctica. They did some research.
If two Saudi scientists hadn't gone to Antarctica, they wouldn't have done some research.
4- Ali does not study hard. He does not success.
If Ali had studied hard, he would have succeed.





Unit (5) Lesson (3)
Compare two people or things:

Short adjectives Long adjectives
L o n g
1 2 3 4 5

B e a u t i f u l
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Short adjective:
1- We add (- er ) to adjectives + than :
Clear …………..clearer than
Fast …………….faster than
2-If the adjective ends with an ( e ), add ( r ) only:
Safe …………safer than
Simple……….simpler than
3- If the adjective ends with ( y ) , change the Y ier:
Easy ………..easier than
Healthy ………healthier than

Note :
4-Irregular adjectives:
Good ………better than
Bad…………worse than

Long adjectives:
We add the word (more) to the adjective & than:
Correct ………… more correct than
Fluent …………. more fluent than
************************************************** ****************
Compare between more than two people or things:
Short adjectives:
1- We add the & ( - est ) to the adjectives:
Clear ………… the clearest
Fast …………...the fastest
2- If an adjective ends with an ( e ) , add ( st ) only.
Safe …………..the safest
Simple ………..the simplest
3- If an adjective ends with a ( y ), change the y iest:
Easy ……….. the easiest
4- Irregular adjectives:
Good ………… the best
Bad …………...the worst
Long adjectives:
We add the two words (the most) in front of the adjectives:
Correct ……….. the most correct
Beautiful ……… the most beautiful



Unit (5) Lesson (6)
Compare between two people & things:
Short adjectives:
Slow …… slower than
Quite …….quieter than
Good …….better than
Bad ………worse than

Make sentences to compare between people or things:
1st Person/thing Helping Verb Adjective than 2nd person/thing
is are
For example:
1- Ali (tall) Sámi
Ali is taller than Sámi.
2- the boys (noisy) the girls.
The boys are noisier than the girls.
Long adjectives:
Useful……….more useful than
Popular………more popular than
We use the word (less) with short & long adjectives:
Safe …………..less safe than
Important ……..less important than
Make sentences to compare between people or things:
1st person/thing Helping Verb More / less Adj than 2nd person/thing
is are
e.g.:
1- Sara (beautiful) Maha
Sara is more beautiful than Maha.
************************************************** ****************compare between more than two adjectives:
Short adjectives:
Kind ……..the kindest
Happy ……the happiest
Good ……..the best
Bad………..the worst
Make sentences to compare between people or things:
S is the adj + est
e.g.:
1- Abha (cold)
Abha is the coldest region in Saudi Arabia.
Long adjectives:
Wonderful……the most wonderful
Careful………..the most careful
We use the two word (the least) with short & long adjectives:
Safe ……….the least safe
Useful……...the least useful


S is the most/ least adj

e.g.:
1- question a (difficult)
Question a is the least difficult.
2- tea (popular) drink in the world.
Tea is the most popular drink in the world.
************************************************** ****************
We use the words (as adj as) when we compare between two people & things:
Clever………… as clever as
Happy………….as happy as
1st person/thing Helping Verb as adj as 2nd person/thing
am is are
e.g.:
1- I (clever) you
I am as clever as you.
2- John (happy) James
John is as happy as James.
************************************************** ****************
We use the words (not as adj as) when we compare between two people & things:
Pretty ………not as pretty as
Near ……….not as neat as

1st person/thing Helping Verb not as adj as 2nd person/thing
am is are
e.g.:
1- the dress shop (big) the shoe shop
The dress shop is not as big as the shoe shop.
2- cotton (soft) silk
Cotton is not as soft as silk.

















Unit (6) Lesson (3)
Adjectives made from more than one word:
Note:
1- We don’t add S to the word.
2- We use – between words.
************************************************** ****************
1- This note has a value of ten riyals. (what kind of note is it?)
It is a ten – riyal note.
2-That boy is 13 years old. (what kind of boy is he?)
He is a 13 – year – old boy.
3- That building has eight floors.
It is an eight – floor building.
4- The apartment has two rooms. (what kind of apartment is it?)
It is a two – room apartment.

The numbers:

1 One 6 Six 11 Eleven 16 Sixteen 21 Twenty one
2 Two 7 Seven 12 Twelve 17 Seventeen 22 Twenty two
3 Three 8 Eight 13 Thirteen 18 Eighteen 23 Twenty three
4 Four 9 Nine 14 Fourteen 19 Nineteen 24 Twenty four
5 Five 10 Ten 15 Fifteen 20 Twenty 25 Twenty five

************************************************** ****************
Nouns

Countable (nc) Uncountable (nu)

We can't do certain things with uncountable nouns:
• You can't use numbers with uncountable nouns.
• You can't use a or an with uncountable nouns.
• You can't make uncountable nouns plural.
• You can't ask questions with How many……..? ( you must use How much..?
• You can't use fewer / the fewest. ( you must use less / the least.)

Some uncountable nouns:
Water
Sugar
Salt
Flour
Fruit
Rice ……………………..etc.

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بيض الله وجهك يوم تسود وجوه وتبيض وجوه .....

دمت بكل الخير وأدام الله لك الخير كله ......

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